[GoRouter] onExit does not work with ShellRoute

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [X] I have searched the [existing issues](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues)
- [X] I have read the [guide to filing a bug](https://flutter.dev/docs/resources/bug-reports)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Start project
2. Click the `Go to MyPage` button
3. Click the BackButton

### Expected results

It should not be possible to go back to HomePage since `onExit` always returns `false`.

### Actual results

We can go back to HomePage.

### Code sample

<details><summary>Code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp.router(
      routerConfig: GoRouter(
        routes: [
          GoRoute(
            path: '/',
            name: 'home',
            builder: (_, __) => const HomePage(),
            routes: [
              ShellRoute(
                builder: (_, __, child) => child,
                routes: [
                  GoRoute(
                    path: 'page',
                    name: 'page',
                    onExit: (context) => false,
                    builder: (_, __) => const MyPage(),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  const HomePage({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('HomePage'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: TextButton(
          onPressed: () => context.goNamed('page'),
          child: Text('Go to MyPage'),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class MyPage extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyPage({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('MyPage'),
        leading: BackButton(
          onPressed: () => context.pop(),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

```

</details>


### Screenshots or Video

_No response_

### Logs

_No response_

### Flutter Doctor output

<details><summary>Doctor output</summary>

```console
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.13.9, on macOS 14.0 23A344 darwin-x64, locale de-DE)
    • Flutter version 3.13.9 on channel stable at /Users/huynh/.asdf/installs/flutter/3.13.9-stable
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision d211f42860 (vor 9 Tagen), 2023-10-25 13:42:25 -0700
    • Engine revision 0545f8705d
    • Dart version 3.1.5
    • DevTools version 2.25.0

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.1)
    • Android SDK at /Users/huynh/Library/Android/sdk
    • Platform android-33, build-tools 33.0.1
    • ANDROID_HOME = /Users/huynh/Library/Android/sdk
    • Java binary at: /Users/huynh/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/AndroidStudio/ch-0/223.8836.35.2231.10811636/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 15.0.1)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 15A507
    • CocoaPods version 1.14.2

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2022.3)
    • Android Studio at /Users/huynh/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/AndroidStudio/ch-0/223.8836.35.2231.10811636/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231)

[✓] Android Studio (version 2022.3)
    • Android Studio at /Users/huynh/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/AndroidStudio/ch-0/223.8836.35.2231.10671973/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231)

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.2.4)
    • IntelliJ at /Users/huynh/Applications/JetBrains Toolbox/IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate.app
    • Flutter plugin version 76.1.4
    • Dart plugin version 232.10072.19

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.2.4)
    • IntelliJ at /Users/huynh/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/IDEA-U/ch-0/232.10203.10/IntelliJ IDEA.app
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart

[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2023.2.3)
    • IntelliJ at /Users/huynh/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/IDEA-U/ch-0/232.10072.27/IntelliJ IDEA.app
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart

[✓] VS Code (version 1.83.1)
    • VS Code at /Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents
    • Flutter extension version 3.74.0

[✓] Connected device (5 available)
    • 2203129G (mobile)                  • adb-723c1722-1XNpMz._adb-tls-connect._tcp. • android-arm64  • Android 13 (API 33)
    • Android SDK built for x86 (mobile) • emulator-5554                              • android-x86    • Android 11 (API 30) (emulator)
    • iPhone 15 (mobile)                 • DB01FF6A-DA97-4FF9-9268-4B0FE07D2FFE       • ios            • com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-17-0 (simulator)
    • macOS (desktop)                    • macos                                      • darwin-x64     • macOS 14.0 23A344 darwin-x64
    • Chrome (web)                       • chrome                                     • web-javascript • Google Chrome 118.0.5993.117

[✓] Network resources
    • All expected network resources are available.

• No issues found!

```

</details>


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[GoRouter] onExit does not work with ShellRoute #137829

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Uh oh!

[GoRouter] onExit does not work with ShellRoute #137829

Description

Is there an existing issue for this?

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Expected results

Actual results

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