…cify recognized fields (elastic#190464)

This PR adds a new option to the `SchemaType` interface for parsing a
query from a search in EuiSearchBar. This new field controls how
EuiSearchBar text is parsed into a Query object. It enables better
accuracy in how search terms are parsed when they include a `:`
character.

## Release note
Fixed an issue when using search bars with a term that includes a colon
`:` character.

## Summary

Closes elastic#184496
Depends on elastic/eui#7960

**GLOBAL SEARCH: BEFORE**

![akshfgkalsfh-before](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/22377a3e-394e-43fb-83db-ae2477ce22d7)

**GLOBAL SEARCH: AFTER**

![akshfgkalsfh-after](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/406d56eb-c946-493b-94f3-abb0380611f3)

**SAVED OBJECTS MANAGEMENT: BEFORE**

![okjoyofjiuh-before](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c1c56572-31aa-41df-b0c5-3eef421a06c5)

**SAVED OBJECTS MANAGEMENT: AFTER**

![okjoyofjiuh-after](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9e19bbcf-72e7-43d5-a9e7-3c5805632a38)

**SAVED OBJECTS FINDER: BEFORE**

![lfdgnhklfd-before](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b826987d-8af6-4c20-93b0-0d0bb76d9501)

**SAVED OBJECTS FINDER: AFTER**

![lfdgnhklfd-after](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e8e007b9-91f7-4209-bfd5-ce43a2cbc894)

## Checklist
 - [x] Ensure that filtering using `type:` and `tags:` still works

(cherry picked from commit 460ca2a)