Description

This PR introduces a "small" refactor in the Fast DDS Ubuntu CI.
It splits current CI into build and tests, and introduces new jobs that uses the already built library to build other products and run their test suite.
That would allow Fast DDS developers to detect possible issues that can affect other products while introducing changes in the Fast DDS library.

graph BT;
    fastdds_build_test --> fastdds_build
    fastdds_python_build --> fastdds_build
    fastdds_shapes_demo_build --> fastdds_build
    discovery_server_build_test --> fastdds_build
    fastdds_python_build_test --> fastdds_python_build
    fastdds_docs_build_test --> fastdds_python_build

@Mergifyio backport 2.14.x 2.13.x 2.10.x 2.6.x

Contributor Checklist

• Commit messages follow the project guidelines.
• N/A The code follows the style guidelines of this project.
• N/A Tests that thoroughly check the new feature have been added/Regression tests checking the bug and its fix have been added; the added tests pass locally
• N/A Any new/modified methods have been properly documented using Doxygen.
• N/A Any new configuration API has an equivalent XML API (with the corresponding XSD extension)
• N/A Changes are backport compatible: they do NOT break ABI nor change library core behavior.
• N/A Changes are API compatible.
• N/A New feature has been added to the versions.md file (if applicable).
• N/A New feature has been documented/Current behavior is correctly described in the documentation.
• Applicable backports have been included in the description.

Reviewer Checklist

• The PR has a milestone assigned.
• The title and description correctly express the PR's purpose.
• Check contributor checklist is correct.
• Check CI results: changes do not issue any warning.
• Check CI results: failing tests are unrelated with the changes.