Description

System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator.Fill() throws PlatformNotSupportedException on WASI (wasi-wasm) targets. This affects both NativeAOT-LLVM and any future WASI runtime that uses the minipal crypto random path.

Root Cause

Two gaps prevent crypto random from working on WASI:

1. src/native/minipal/random.c has no WASI codepath

minipal_get_cryptographically_secure_random_bytes tries:

• getrandom() → returns ENOSYS on WASI (not a Linux syscall)
• /dev/urandom → returns ENOENT on WASI (no filesystem device nodes)

Both fail, so the function returns -1.

However, wasi-libc provides getentropy() which implements __wasi_random_get() — the WASI equivalent of /dev/urandom. This is already linked and working: the NativeAOT-LLVM C runtime startup uses arc4random_buf() → getentropy() → __wasi_random_get() for stack canary initialization. The import is present and the host provides it.

Proposed fix — add before the /dev/urandom fallback:

#elif defined(__wasi__)
    // WASI provides getentropy() via wasi-libc, backed by __wasi_random_get()
    // This is already linked for NativeAOT stack canary init
    #include <unistd.h>
    if (getentropy(buffer, (size_t)bufferLength) == 0)
        return 0;
    return -1;

2. System.Security.Cryptography.csproj excludes WASI entirely

The csproj's TargetFrameworks lists windows, unix, android, osx, ios, tvos, browser — but not wasi. When TargetPlatformIdentifier is empty (as it is for WASI), the entire assembly is replaced with a PlatformNotSupported stub via GeneratePlatformNotSupportedAssemblyMessage.

Even if minipal is fixed, the managed RandomNumberGenerator class would still throw because the real implementation is never compiled for WASI.

Impact

• Every .NET WASI app that calls RandomNumberGenerator.Fill(), HashCode (uses random seed), or Directory.GetDirectories (uses HashCode internally) will fail
• Discovered while building a wasm interpreter (nesm) that runs .NET compiled to WASI — directory enumeration traps because HashCode init can't get a random seed
• Workaround: P/Invoke wasi_snapshot_preview1.random_get directly, catching PlatformNotSupportedException

Environment

• .NET 10 preview, NativeAOT-LLVM from dotnet/runtimelab feature/NativeAOT-LLVM
• wasi-sdk 25.0
• wasi-libc provides getentropy() → __wasi_random_get()