[BUG] docker compose build <service_name> fails with "invalid reference format" when using additional_contexts #12673
Description
Description
When attempting to build a specific service using docker compose build <service_name>, and that service is defined using additional_contexts to stage another service image, the build process fails with either an "invalid reference format" error or, when using COMPOSE_BAKE=true, a "failed to find target" error.
Steps To Reproduce
Create a docker-compose.yaml file with the following content :
services:
base:
build:
context: .
dockerfile_inline: |
FROM alpine
my-service:
build:
context: .
dockerfile_inline: |
FROM base
additional_contexts:
base: service:baseRun docker compose build to confirm both services build successfully.
$ docker compose build
[+] Building 2/2
✔ base Built
✔ my-service Built
Attempt to build only the dependent service:
$ docker compose build my-service
failed to solve: invalid reference format
Alternatively, try building with COMPOSE_BAKE=true:
$ COMPOSE_BAKE=true docker compose build my-service
failed to find target base
For reference, building the base service alone is done without issues:
$ docker compose build base
[+] Building 1/1
✔ base Built
Compose Version
Docker Compose version v2.34.0
Docker Environment
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 28.0.4
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
Version: v0.22.0
Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
Version: v2.34.0
Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
Server:
Containers: 5
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 5
Images: 63
Server Version: 28.0.4
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Using metacopy: false
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Cgroup Version: 2
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 nvidia runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 753481ec61c7c8955a23d6ff7bc8e4daed455734
runc version: v1.2.5-0-g59923ef
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
apparmor
seccomp
Profile: builtin
userns
cgroupns
Kernel Version: 6.11.0-19-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 24
Total Memory: 62.4GiB
Name: valhalla
ID: 17c74018-ea57-48af-8c04-23a98ae5ab7e
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/231072.231072
Debug Mode: false
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
::1/128
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Anything else?
No response