sagemathgh-38872: Native Windows build       The goal of this PR is to provide a native Windows build of Sage using MSVC (using the new Meson build system). Instructions on how to test are under the `Windows` tab at https://doc- pr-38872--sagemath.netlify.app/html/en/installation/meson. Afterwards, you should be able to import some sage modules in a normal `python` install (but most modules actually don't properly import due to various errors that will be fixed peu a peu in follow-up PRs) ## State of Windows support of dependencies - m4rie: upstream (https://github.com/malb/m4rie) doesn't provide win build - ec: not sure if upstream (https://github.com/JohnCremona/eclib) provide win build - ecm: upstream (https://gitlab.inria.fr/zimmerma/ecm) doesn't provide native win build (only Cygwin) - ntl: upstream provides win build (kind of), but it's not yet available on conda (conda-forge/ntl-feedstock#16) - maxima/ecl: upstream provides win build, but it's not yet available on conda (conda-forge/maxima-feedstock#38) - GAP: only cygiwn build exists https://github.com/gap- system/gap/issues/4157 - [pari](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/pub/pari): now available on conda (conda-forge/pari-feedstock#45) - cypari2: no windows support yet sagemath/cypari2#19 - lrcalc - pplpy - primecountpy - fpylll - rw - cliquer - lcalc - ecl - braiding - gc - homfly - iml - brial_groebner ## Conda Issues: - Meson cannot find libraries without pkg-config files. - Workaround: Check that `set LIB` includes the conda env (e.g. `...\.conda\envs\sage-dev\Library\lib`). If not, run `conda deactivate` followed by `conda activate sage-dev` and then check again. - Alternatively, `set LIB=%CONDA_PREFIX%\Library\lib;%LIB%` - Possible upstream improvement: the compilers conda package should set `LIB` - If you don't have the debug version of Python installed, you may get "LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'python311_d.lib'" - Workaround: `meson setup builddir -Dbuildtype=release` - Alternatively, in `<path to conda>\sage-dev\include\pyconfig.h` uncomment: `//# define Py_DEBUG` and change `python311_d.lib` to `python311.lib` - Possible upstream improvement: conda should either ship a debug version of python or a correct `pyconfig.h` - conda-forge/gsl-feedstock#63 - Workaround: Fallback to find_library in meson and/or change the `gsl.pc` to match: ``` prefix=C:/Users/Tobia/.conda/envs/sage-dev/Library exec_prefix=C:/Users/Tobia/.conda/envs/sage-dev/Library libdir=C:/Users/Tobia/.conda/envs/sage-dev/Library/lib sharedlibdir=C:/Users/Tobia/.conda/envs/sage-dev/Library/lib includedir=C:/Users/Tobia/.conda/envs/sage-dev/Library/include GSL_CBLAS_LIB=-lgslcblas Name: GSL Description: GNU Scientific Library Version: 2.7 Libs: -L${libdir} -lgsl ${GSL_CBLAS_LIB} Cflags: -I${includedir} ``` - conda-forge/compilers-feedstock#66 - Workaround: Run everything in "VS x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" (for 64bit) or "Developer Command Prompt for VS2022 (or 2019)" (for 32bit) - conda-forge/libgd-feedstock#55 - Workaround: Fallback to find_library in meson - conda-forge/m4ri-feedstock#15 - Workaround: Don't try to use m4ri on windows - conda-forge/libflint-feedstock#38 - Workaround: Don't try to use flint on windows ## Upstream issues Singular - Singular/Singular#1245 - Singular/Singular#1246 - Singular/Singular#1247 Flint: - flintlib/flint#2100 - mingw-w64/mingw-w64#65 (indirectly since pthread is flint dependency). Would be fixed by conda-forge/libflint-feedstock#38. -> Workaround: Change `typedef __int64 pid_t;` to `typedef int pid_t;` in `.conda\envs\sage-dev\Library\include\pthread_compat.h` - flintlib/flint#2101: -> Workaround: disable compilation of fraction_field_FpT for now Cysignals: - sagemath/cysignals#207 - sagemath/cysignals#206 ### 📝 Checklist  - [ ] The title is concise and informative. - [ ] The description explains in detail what this PR is about. - [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion. - [ ] I have created tests covering the changes. - [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation preview. ### ⌛ Dependencies    URL: sagemath#38872 Reported by: Tobias Diez Reviewer(s): Dima Pasechnik

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Windows build #38

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