Paradox is an experimental cryptographic key derivation engine that maps high-dimensional visual media (images) to symmetric keys deterministically.
Traditional key derivation functions (like PBKDF2 or bcrypt) process low-entropy, linear inputs (passwords). In contrast, images represent high-dimensional physical entropy source matrices. Paradox leverages this visual media matrix to establish a deterministic "visual factor" for key agreement, file archiving, and cover-medium key setup.
The pipeline processes input visual data and nonces through seven discrete layers:
-
Initial Seed Generator: Formulates
Seed0 = SHA3-512(ImageHash + Nonce + Timestamp + Version). - Recursive Walker: Slices coordinates modulo dimensions and traverses local adjacent neighbors.
- Luminance & Contrast Extractor: Extracts color states, perceived brightness, and local grid standard deviations.
- Hash Chain Evolved State: Formulates sequential hash linkages of coordinates, pixel bytes, and neighbor values.
-
Multi-Layer Recursion Manager: Runs dependent walks in sequence (Layer
$n$ seed depends on Layer$n-1$ 's final state) to diffuse spatial dependencies. - Entropy Pool Collector: Aggregates SHA3-256 slices from each step into a master entropy pool.
- KDF Compressor: Squeezes the pool into 128/256/512-bit keys using HKDF-SHA256 or BLAKE3-KDF.
Clone the repository, install Maturin/build dependencies, and build the Rust native extension in release mode:
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install maturin patchelf
export PYO3_USE_ABI3_FORWARD_COMPATIBILITY=1
maturin develop --releaseimport paradox
img = paradox.useImage("sample.png")
# Encrypts message and returns metadata envelope
encrypted = paradox.encrypt_text("Confidential message", image=img, security_level="low")
# Decrypts payload deterministically
decrypted = paradox.decrypt_text(encrypted, image=img)
print(decrypted) # "Confidential message"import paradox
img = paradox.useImage("sample.png")
paradox.encrypt_file("doc.pdf", "doc.pdf.enc", image=img, security_level="low")
paradox.decrypt_file("doc.pdf.enc", "doc_dec.pdf", image=img)| Category | Functions |
|---|---|
| Image Loading | useImage(path), getRandomImage() |
| Key Derivation | generate_key(image, len, level, kdf), generate_key128(), generate_key256(), generate_key512() |
| Encryption/Decryption | encrypt_text(), decrypt_text(), encrypt_file(), decrypt_file() |
| Diagnostics | visualize_walk(), analyze_image() |
- Entropy Density: Derived keys exhibit a Shannon entropy of 7.99946 bits/byte (squeezed via HKDF-SHA256).
-
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit: Passed (
$p = 0.75 > 0.01$ ), confirming uniform byte distributions. - Avalanche Effect: 50.09% mean bit difference following a 1-bit input offset.
- Collision Rate: 0.00% collision count over 3,000 keys.
For detailed plots and analysis, see newresults.md and changes.md.
Symmetric key (256-bit) latency and memory footprints compared to traditional standards:
| Metric Category | Paradox v1 (Python) | Paradox v2 (Rust, SHA3) | Paradox v2.0.2 (Rust, BLAKE3) | PBKDF2-SHA256 | HKDF-SHA256 | Argon2id (ID) | BLAKE3-KDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latency LOW | 91.0 ms | 7.64 ms | < 1.5 ms | 0.54 ms | 0.26 ms | 6.37 ms | 0.04 ms |
| Latency MEDIUM | 2,140.0 ms | 93.0 ms | < 15.0 ms | 3.20 ms | 0.26 ms | 33.00 ms | 0.04 ms |
| Latency HIGH | 58,300.0 ms | 1,866.31 ms | < 200.0 ms | 18.45 ms | 0.17 ms | 200.25 ms | 0.06 ms |
| Peak Mem HIGH | 104.62 MB | 104.62 MB | < 5.0 MB | <0.01 MB | <0.01 MB | 256.00 MB | <0.20 MB |
| Uniqueness (10k) | 100% Unique | 100% Unique | 100% Unique | 100% Unique | 100% Unique | 100% Unique | 100% Unique |
| Vulnerabilities | Nonce-reuse risk | Nonce-reuse risk | Nonce-reuse risk | GPU cracking | Salt reuse | Param tuning | Context collision |
If you use Paradox in your cryptographic research or academic publications, please cite it using:
@software{paradox_kdf2026,
author = {Chirag Ferwani},
title = {Paradox: Recursive Visual Entropy Key Derivation Engine},
url = {https://github.com/chiragferwani/paradox},
version = {1.0.2},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.20811708}
}- Matplotlib and NumPy contributors for diagnostic utilities.
- The Google DeepMind pair-programming agent workspace.
- Established standard KDF authors (Argon2, PBKDF2, BLAKE3).
Licensed under the MIT License - see LICENSE for details.
Warning
Paradox is an experimental research-oriented key derivation framework and should not be considered a replacement for established cryptographic standards such as Argon2, PBKDF2, HKDF, or BLAKE3.
