Checklist

• I have verified that the issue exists against the main branch of Celery.
• This has already been asked to the discussions forum first.
• I have read the relevant section in the
  contribution guide
  on reporting bugs.
• I have checked the issues list
  for similar or identical bug reports.
• I have checked the pull requests list
  for existing proposed fixes.
• I have checked the commit log
  to find out if the bug was already fixed in the main branch.
• I have included all related issues and possible duplicate issues
  in this issue (If there are none, check this box anyway).

Mandatory Debugging Information

• I have included the output of celery -A proj report in the issue.
  (if you are not able to do this, then at least specify the Celery
  version affected).
• I have verified that the issue exists against the main branch of Celery.
• I have included the contents of pip freeze in the issue.
• I have included all the versions of all the external dependencies required
  to reproduce this bug.

Optional Debugging Information

• I have tried reproducing the issue on more than one Python version
  and/or implementation.
• I have tried reproducing the issue on more than one message broker and/or
  result backend.
• I have tried reproducing the issue on more than one version of the message
  broker and/or result backend.
• I have tried reproducing the issue on more than one operating system.
• I have tried reproducing the issue on more than one workers pool.
• I have tried reproducing the issue with autoscaling, retries,
  ETA/Countdown & rate limits disabled.
• I have tried reproducing the issue after downgrading
  and/or upgrading Celery and its dependencies.

Related Issues and Possible Duplicates

Related Issues

• This appears to be a similar class of issue as Consecutive groups in chain fails #4848 and Complex canvas might raise AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'clone' #5265, since it covers some of the same ground

Possible Duplicates

• None

Environment & Settings

Celery version: 5.3.1 (emerald-rush)

software -> celery:5.3.1 (emerald-rush) kombu:5.3.1 py:3.10.7
            billiard:4.1.0 redis:5.0.0
platform -> system:Darwin arch:64bit
            kernel version:22.6.0 imp:CPython
loader   -> celery.loaders.app.AppLoader
settings -> transport:redis results:redis://localhost/

broker_url: 'redis://localhost:6379//'
result_backend: 'redis://localhost/'
deprecated_settings: None
task_allow_error_cb_on_chord_header: True

Steps to Reproduce

Required Dependencies

• Minimal Python Version: 3.10.x
• Minimal Celery Version: 5.3.1
• Minimal Kombu Version: N/A
• Minimal Broker Version: N/A
• Minimal Result Backend Version: N/A
• Minimal OS and/or Kernel Version: N/A (we've reproduced with our own deployment on Linux, and locally on macOS)
• Minimal Broker Client Version: N/A
• Minimal Result Backend Client Version: N/A

Python Packages

amqp==5.1.1
async-timeout==4.0.3
billiard==4.1.0
celery @ git+https://github.com/celery/celery.git@8ae0b229596cc8aeea4fb71020d9358a59338e08
click==8.1.7
click-didyoumean==0.3.0
click-plugins==1.1.1
click-repl==0.3.0
kombu==5.3.1
prompt-toolkit==3.0.39
python-dateutil==2.8.2
redis==5.0.0
six==1.16.0
tzdata==2023.3
vine==5.0.0
wcwidth==0.2.6

Other Dependencies

Minimally Reproducible Test Case

from celery import Celery, chain, group, chord

app = Celery('tasks', broker='redis://localhost/', backend='redis://localhost/')
app.conf.task_allow_error_cb_on_chord_header = True


@app.task
def fake_work_unit(x):
    raise Exception


@app.task
def nothing_work_unit():
    return "hi"


@app.task
def fake_error_handler(*args):
    print("oops")


def test():
    f = app.signature(
        "test_celery.nothing_work_unit",
        immutable=True,
    )

    f2 = app.signature(
        "test_celery.fake_error_handler",
    )

    # This formulation works correctly...
    # chain(
    #    f.on_error(f2),
    #    group(
    #        app.signature(
    #            "test_celery.fake_work_unit",
    #            args=(1,),
    #            immutable=True,
    #        ),
    #        app.signature(
    #            "test_celery.fake_work_unit",
    #            args=(2,),
    #            immutable=True,
    #        ),
    #    ).on_error(f2),
    #    f.on_error(f2),
    # ).apply_async()

    # ...but not this one.
    chain(
        f,
        group(
            app.signature(
                "test_celery.fake_work_unit",
                args=(1,),
                immutable=True,
            ),
            app.signature(
                "test_celery.fake_work_unit",
                args=(2,),
                immutable=True,
            ),
        ),
        f,
    ).on_error(f2).apply_async()

from test_celery import test
test()

Expected Behavior

Either formulation described should work. The second formulation should not be throwing AttributeError.

The intended result is:

• test_celery.nothing_work_unit succeeds.
• One of the test_celery.fake_work_unit tasks runs and raises an exception, causing fake_error_handler to be called.

Actual Behavior

When trying to run the second formulation, I get an AttributeError and no task is ever run:

>>> from test_celery import test
>>> test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/asteinborn/Ramp/misc/celery-test/test_celery.py", line 68, in test
    ).on_error(f2).apply_async()
  File "/Users/asteinborn/Ramp/misc/celery-test/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/celery/canvas.py", line 1035, in apply_async
    return self.run(args, kwargs, app=app, **(
  File "/Users/asteinborn/Ramp/misc/celery-test/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/celery/canvas.py", line 1060, in run
    tasks, results_from_prepare = self.prepare_steps(
  File "/Users/asteinborn/Ramp/misc/celery-test/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/celery/canvas.py", line 1246, in prepare_steps
    task.link_error(errback)
  File "/Users/asteinborn/Ramp/misc/celery-test/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/celery/canvas.py", line 2276, in link_error
    task.link_error(errback.clone(immutable=True))
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'link_error'