When run under free-threading Python 3.13 on Windows, uv under certain circumstances emits long paths (prefixed with \\?\) which seem to trip up certain compilers (such as MSCV).
A lot more context is available in pypa/cibuildwheel#1975

This issue is limited to Python 3.13t. It does not happen on any regular Python version (including 3.13).
It is also purely limited to Windows and works on all other operating systems.
CI runs in pypa/cibuildwheel#1975 have also shown that this is limited to uv (as early as 0.2.35, but also tested just now with 0.4.2) and does not happen when using plain old pip.

An example of a 3.13t run producing a long path can e.g. be found here: https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-qcec/actions/runs/10634832174/job/29568141103?pr=432#step:7:1526 (look at the PYTHON_EXECUTABLE, Python_ROOT_DIR and the related variants in the log)
It's a bit harder to show the output for a successful run as up until #6903 was merged, uv swallows the build system output.

It also seems to be a combination of a couple of specific things that lead to uv emitting long paths here.
The CI for our dependency project (https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-core/tree/shared-libs) succeeds without problems on 3.13t: https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-core/actions/runs/10634400958/job/29481632914#step:8:5742
Only once the depending project (https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-qcec/tree/use-mqt-core-package) declares the git dependency on mqt-core in its build time requirements, the issues start to come up when trying to build mqt-qcec.

Maybe the root cause somewhat has to do with the double build isolation going on here as the mqt-qcec build is built in an isolated environment, but then the mqt-core git dependency is being built in another isolated environment (supposedly spawned from the first isolated env).

A way to reproduce the failures and see the long paths (adapted from https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-qcec/blob/a15710a4faec2ccd62f28d6575800a8632a6ec2a/.github/workflows/cd.yml#L88-L107C14):

git clone https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-qcec
cd mqt-qcec
git switch use-mqt-core-package
nuget.exe install python-freethreaded -Version 3.13.0-rc1 -FallbackSource https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json -OutputDirectory '<wherever you want this>'
uv venv --python "<wherever you want this>\python-freethreaded.3.13.0-rc1\tools\python.exe"
uv pip install -vvv .

Sorry that I couldn't get the example any smaller or more isolated. I really tried but could not fabricate a simpler scenario that triggers the issues.