[C++] Fix CSV fuzzing failures #47924
Description
Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.
Further issues found by OSS-Fuzz:
- https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/452079535
- https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/452079536
- https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/452118314
- https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/452701622
- https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/452912678
Component(s)
C++, Continuous Integration