Describe the enhancement requested

After apache/arrow-go#1.

We can remove the followings:

• https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/.github/workflows/go.yml
• Go related parts in https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
• Go related parts in https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/docker-compose.yml

We should not remove integration test. It's still needed after apache/arrow-go#1 to ensure compatibility. (We need to update integration test but it's out-of-scope of this.)

Component(s)

Continuous Integration, Go