sin, cos, asin, acos, tan, atan, cotan, atan2

Reporter: David Li / @lidavidm
Assignee: David Li / @lidavidm

Related issues:

• [C++] Arithmetic kernels for numeric arrays (is a child of)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10544

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13095. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}