Currently, it's possible to change the background color and text color for paragraph blocks:

Those options are not available for other text-based blocks though: headings, lists, quotes, preformatted, subheadings, verse.

Conceptually, it's not immediately clear why those settings are not available to all text blocks.

Suggestion

For consistency, I think we should consider adding these options to other text-based blocks on a case by case basis. Here are some initial thoughts:

Headings
It probably doesn't make sense to include text size controls here, as it would upset the type size hierarchy of all the headings. But I think color options could make sense.

Lists
From a visual perspective, lists are essentially just a series of paragraphs with bullets/numbers — it seems like users should be able to make text size + color customizations to list blocks.

Quotes
Quotes have their own Block Styles, so I'd understand that these settings could get really complicated and messy. Color options might make sense though.

Preformatted
I think both size and color options could work here. It's worth noting that the description of this block says "Add text that respects your spacing and tabs, and also allows styling." (emphasis mine), but there are currently no styling options.

Subheadings
If we add text options here, I think this block might lose it's reason for existing. (It renders as just a normal paragraph with specific styles anyway). But I do think that users would expect to be able to edit the styles here.

Verse
This is visually identical to the paragraph block, so I think it should have the same size and color options.

Also, assuming we adopted any of these suggestions, those settings should carry over when using Block Transforms — if you were to transform a paragraph block to a list block, you should carry over its font size and color settings.