There are diverse approaches to lemmatization of personal pronouns. An extreme position would be that personal pronoun is just one lexical unit that inflects for person, number, gender and case (depending on language). But many of these “inflections” are morphologically unrelated words, which is probably the reason why they do not share one lemma in some treebanks. On the other hand, making them forms of one lemma can be justified by analogy to irregular inflections observed at other parts of speech. Can we converge on this matter?
For illustration, here are examples from Slavic languages in UD 1.2 (I have run across this issue while checking consistency across Slavic languages. Nevertheless, it is not Slavic-specific.)
Approach 1: All personal pronouns in all persons, genders and numbers (except for possessives and reflexives) have one lemma. Used in Bulgarian, the lemma is аз / az “I”. Example forms: ти / ti “thou”, той / toj “he”, ние / nie “we”. Unlike nouns, Bulgarian personal pronouns still have cases: му is Case=Dat | Gender=Masc | Number=Sing, lemma = аз. I suspect that the same word form can be also used as a possessive pronoun (see below). Similarly for reflexives, си is either dative reflexive personal pronoun (lemma се), or a short form of reflexive possessive pronoun (lemma свой).
Approach 2: Each person has its own lemma and reflexives are separate. The forms differ in number, gender (3rd person only) and case. Used in Czech and Slovenian.
Czech [lemmas] and forms: [já] já, mne, mě, mně, mi, mnou, my, nás, nám, námi; [ty] ty, tebe, tě, tobě, ti, tebou, vy, vás, vám, vámi; [on] on, ono, jej, něj, jeho, něho, ho, jemu, němu, mu, něm, jím, ním, ona, jí, ní, ji, ni, oni, ony, ona, jich, nich, jim, nim, je, ně, jimi, nimi; [se] sebe, se, sobě, si, sebou.
Slovenian [lemmas] and forms: [jaz] jaz, mene, me, meni, mi, name, vame, zame, menoj, mano, midva, naju, nama, mi, nas, nam, nami; [ti] ti, tebe, te, tebi, teu, nate, tabo, vaju, vama, vi, vas, vam, vami; [on] on, njega, ga, njemu, mu, njem, njim, ona, je, nje, ji, njej, jo, njo, onadva, njiju, jima, njima, ju, oni, jih, njih, jim, njimi; [se] sebe, se, sebi, si, nase, vase, zase, seboj, sabo.
Approach 3: Each combination of person and number has its own lemma. The forms differ in gender (3rd person only) and in case. Used in Croatian.
Croatian [lemmas] and forms: [ja] ja, meni, mi, mene, me; [mi] mi, nas, nam, nama; [vi] vi, vas, vam, vama; [on] on, ono, njega, ga, njemu, mu, njime, njim, ona, je, nje, joj, njoj, ju, nju, njom, njome; [oni] oni, one, ona, ih, njih, im, njima.
Approach 4: In the 1st and 2nd persons, there are separate lemmas for singular and plural (and dual, if applicable). The 3rd person pronoun has only one lemma and the forms differ in gender, number and case. Used in Polish and Old Church Slavonic.
Polish: Both 1st and 2nd person pronouns have gender (but it is context-based and the forms do not differ). [ja] ja, mnie, mi, mną; [my] my, nas, nam, nami; [ty] ty, ciebie, cię, tobie, ci, tobą; [wy] wy, was, wam, wami; [on] on, jego, niego, go, jemu, niemu, mu, ń, nim, ono, je, nie, ona, jej, niej, ją, nią, oni, one, ich, nich, im, nim, nimi.
Old Church Slavonic – There are inconsistencies in lemmas and features! [Lemmas] and forms: [азъ] азъ, мене, мьнѣ, мънѣ, ми, мѧ, менѣ, мнѣ; [вѣ] вѣ, наю, нама, нꙑ; [мꙑ] мꙑ, насъ, намъ, намь, нꙑ, нами; [тꙑ] тꙑ, тебе, тебѣ, ти, тѧ, тобоѭ, тобоѭ҄; [ва] вꙑ, ваю, вама, ваѭ; [вꙑ] вꙑ, въі, вы, васъ, вамъ, вамь, вмъ, вмь, вами; [и] и, его, него, емоу, немоу, моу, і, й, нь, нъ, емь, емъ, немь, немъ, имь, имъ, нимь, нимъ, е, не, ѩ, еѩ, неѩ, еи, неи, ѭ, нѭ, еѭ, неѭ, ею, нею, има, нима, ѣ, ихъ, ихь, нихъ, ꙇнѧ, ими, ними.
There are diverse approaches to lemmatization of personal pronouns. An extreme position would be that personal pronoun is just one lexical unit that inflects for person, number, gender and case (depending on language). But many of these “inflections” are morphologically unrelated words, which is probably the reason why they do not share one lemma in some treebanks. On the other hand, making them forms of one lemma can be justified by analogy to irregular inflections observed at other parts of speech. Can we converge on this matter?
For illustration, here are examples from Slavic languages in UD 1.2 (I have run across this issue while checking consistency across Slavic languages. Nevertheless, it is not Slavic-specific.)
Approach 1: All personal pronouns in all persons, genders and numbers (except for possessives and reflexives) have one lemma. Used in Bulgarian, the lemma is аз / az “I”. Example forms: ти / ti “thou”, той / toj “he”, ние / nie “we”. Unlike nouns, Bulgarian personal pronouns still have cases: му is Case=Dat | Gender=Masc | Number=Sing, lemma = аз. I suspect that the same word form can be also used as a possessive pronoun (see below). Similarly for reflexives, си is either dative reflexive personal pronoun (lemma се), or a short form of reflexive possessive pronoun (lemma свой).
Approach 2: Each person has its own lemma and reflexives are separate. The forms differ in number, gender (3rd person only) and case. Used in Czech and Slovenian.
Czech [lemmas] and forms: [já] já, mne, mě, mně, mi, mnou, my, nás, nám, námi; [ty] ty, tebe, tě, tobě, ti, tebou, vy, vás, vám, vámi; [on] on, ono, jej, něj, jeho, něho, ho, jemu, němu, mu, něm, jím, ním, ona, jí, ní, ji, ni, oni, ony, ona, jich, nich, jim, nim, je, ně, jimi, nimi; [se] sebe, se, sobě, si, sebou.
Slovenian [lemmas] and forms: [jaz] jaz, mene, me, meni, mi, name, vame, zame, menoj, mano, midva, naju, nama, mi, nas, nam, nami; [ti] ti, tebe, te, tebi, teu, nate, tabo, vaju, vama, vi, vas, vam, vami; [on] on, njega, ga, njemu, mu, njem, njim, ona, je, nje, ji, njej, jo, njo, onadva, njiju, jima, njima, ju, oni, jih, njih, jim, njimi; [se] sebe, se, sebi, si, nase, vase, zase, seboj, sabo.
Approach 3: Each combination of person and number has its own lemma. The forms differ in gender (3rd person only) and in case. Used in Croatian.
Croatian [lemmas] and forms: [ja] ja, meni, mi, mene, me; [mi] mi, nas, nam, nama; [vi] vi, vas, vam, vama; [on] on, ono, njega, ga, njemu, mu, njime, njim, ona, je, nje, joj, njoj, ju, nju, njom, njome; [oni] oni, one, ona, ih, njih, im, njima.
Approach 4: In the 1st and 2nd persons, there are separate lemmas for singular and plural (and dual, if applicable). The 3rd person pronoun has only one lemma and the forms differ in gender, number and case. Used in Polish and Old Church Slavonic.
Polish: Both 1st and 2nd person pronouns have gender (but it is context-based and the forms do not differ). [ja] ja, mnie, mi, mną; [my] my, nas, nam, nami; [ty] ty, ciebie, cię, tobie, ci, tobą; [wy] wy, was, wam, wami; [on] on, jego, niego, go, jemu, niemu, mu, ń, nim, ono, je, nie, ona, jej, niej, ją, nią, oni, one, ich, nich, im, nim, nimi.
Old Church Slavonic – There are inconsistencies in lemmas and features! [Lemmas] and forms: [азъ] азъ, мене, мьнѣ, мънѣ, ми, мѧ, менѣ, мнѣ; [вѣ] вѣ, наю, нама, нꙑ; [мꙑ] мꙑ, насъ, намъ, намь, нꙑ, нами; [тꙑ] тꙑ, тебе, тебѣ, ти, тѧ, тобоѭ, тобоѭ҄; [ва] вꙑ, ваю, вама, ваѭ; [вꙑ] вꙑ, въі, вы, васъ, вамъ, вамь, вмъ, вмь, вами; [и] и, его, него, емоу, немоу, моу, і, й, нь, нъ, емь, емъ, немь, немъ, имь, имъ, нимь, нимъ, е, не, ѩ, еѩ, неѩ, еи, неи, ѭ, нѭ, еѭ, неѭ, ею, нею, има, нима, ѣ, ихъ, ихь, нихъ, ꙇнѧ, ими, ними.