A curated list of papers on workflow optimization for LLM agents.

This repository accompanies the survey paper: From Static Templates to Dynamic Runtime Graphs: A Survey of Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents (https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22386).

This list focuses on papers whose main contribution is workflow optimization. To keep the repository concise and method-centric, it does not aim to cover general survey papers, benchmarks, datasets, or framework/tooling papers.

The list is organized by when workflow structure is determined: static optimization and dynamic optimization.

• Static Optimization
  • Offline template search over constrained design spaces
  • Node-level optimization inside fixed scaffolds
  • Joint optimization of structure and local configuration
  • Verifiability in static workflow optimization
• Dynamic Optimization and Runtime Adaptation
  • Selection and pruning as the lightest form of runtime adaptation
  • Construct-then-execute: pre-execution workflow generation
  • In-execution editing: interleaving execution with structural change
• Contributing
• Citation
• Star History

Contributions are welcome! To suggest a new paper, please open an issue with the following information:

1. Paper title, year, and a link to the official paper page.
2. The subsection you think it belongs to.
3. A brief reason why its main contribution is workflow optimization.

We will review and update the list accordingly. Please note:

• Only papers whose main contribution is workflow optimization will be included.
• Each paper is placed in exactly one subsection that best matches its main contribution.
• We prefer official paper pages (e.g., conference proceedings, arXiv).

If you find this repository or the accompanying survey helpful, please cite:

@article{yue2026survey,
  title={From Static Templates to Dynamic Runtime Graphs: A Survey of Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents},
  author={Yue, Ling and Bhandari, Kushal Raj and Ko, Ching-Yun and Patel, Dhaval and Lin, Shuxin and Zhou, Nianjun and Gao, Jianxi and Chen, Pin-Yu and Pan, Shaowu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.22386},
  year={2026}
}