It isn't currently possible to search for files in the File Manager using the file ID. This presents some significant workflow issues when managing files in a large system.
Please note: a previous issue was intended to resolve this, and a PR (#4476) was accepted and seemingly included in 7.5.14. My understanding is that this wasn't actually included in 7.5.14 because of a confusion in version control. My hope is to make sure it doesn't fall through the cracks, because I think it's a small but really important bit of functionality.
(Note also that it's still being shown in the public change log as having been added in the 7.5.14 release — which isn't true.)