After spending some time to get reproduction, I narrowed it down to sentry. If I remove sentry from my app, next-on-pages works. If I just add sentry to the apps/middleware-13.2.4 sample it seems to work ok but moving app and middleware under a src directory then cause the 500 and error above for me. So it seems to be a combination of sentry and src directory.

reproduction:

• Install sentry npx @sentry/wizard@latest -i nextjs. This will create an extra block in next.config.js, some other config files, and some example files. I believe you can take the contents from my reproduction for testing.
• Move app under /src directory. Adjust tsconfig src "paths": { "@/*": ["./src/*"] }
• Add ‘/’ to middleware matcher matcher: ['/', '/api/:path*', '/test/:path*'],

Plot twist... Simple reproduction doesn't seem to matter about matcher.
export const config = {
matcher: '/',
};