This is the test__wpcom_connection_test failing to get a response (a 404) from the WP.com endpoint. My guess is this check:

		if ( ! Jetpack::is_active() || Jetpack::is_development_mode() || Jetpack::is_staging_site() || ! $this->pass ) {
			return self::skipped_test( $name );
		}

isn't stopping the test, perhaps the !$this->pass with the decoupling of the tests for the Site Health section. I believe investigating on a never-connected site would be the first thing to try.

Steps to reproduce the issue

1. Unsure right now.

What I expected

No PHP errors and results from the Site Health are all complete.

What happened instead

See screenshot.