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Methodology

Geolocalisation of routers involved in a traceroute is a complex task, as all available GeoIP databases
(free or commercial) are largely inaccurate for interconnection and backbone router IPs.
The methodology used here relies on an automated inference-based algorithm that replicates the analysis
a human network engineer would perform when inspecting a traceroute.

This includes:

• Analyzing reverse DNS names to identify city names and IATA/ICAO airport codes.
• Consulting multiple GeoIP databases and checking for consistency.
• Analyzing latency to infer the most plausible location and discard implausible results.
• Analyzing the path to detect inconsistencies (loops, abnormal routing patterns).
• Analyzing the graph and assigning weights to the most likely city based on latency using Bayesian logic.
• Relocating hops to a more logical city when an inconsistency is detected.
• As a last resort, using machine-learning–assisted reverse DNS parsing to extract city information.

The algorithm operates entirely in real time and does not store any computed results in a database.

This approach is not 100% accurate and never will be.
Based on manual validation across more than 2,000 computed paths,
the observed accuracy is approximately 90% at a city or logical metro-area level.
The remaining 10% mainly involve IPs with missing or misleading reverse DNS entries or abnormal latency behavior.

Salim Gasmi

Credits:

•   Google WebGL Globe for this amazing WebGL globe library.
•   Three.js for the coolest javascript 3D library.
•   NLNOG for the nodes used for tracerouting.
•   PyTorch for their amazing deep learning framework.
•   Maxmind for GeoLite2 database.
•   OpenIP Map for a nice free GeoIP database.
•   IP2Location for a nice free GeoIP database.
•   NASA for some images used here.
•   USNO Astronomical Applications Department for some images used here.
•   icondrawer.com for flags icons used here.
•   Michel PY for suggestions and help.

• Geotraceroute is a tool written by Gasmi Salim.

Contact:

Email: info@geotraceroute.com

Feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
Suggestions and help are welcome.

Preferences

Default node	AT-Linz (LINZ STROM GAS WÄRM AS35369) AT-Vienna (Nessus GmbH AS47692) AT-Wien (ANEXIA Internetdiens AS42473) AU-Adelaide (Host Universal Pty L AS136557) AU-Alexandria (Vocus Communications AS4826) AU-Brisbane (Host Universal Pty L AS136557) AU-Brisbane City (Aussie Broadband AS4764) AU-Gladstone (QLD VoIP Services AS9449) AU-Herston (APNIC AS4608) AU-Melbourne (Aussie Broadband AS4764) AU-Perth (Host Universal Pty L AS136557) AU-Port Melbourne (AusRegistry AS38796) AU-Sydney (Amazon Web Services AS16509) BE-Gent (X-plose BV AS34762) BE-Hasselt (Cegeka AS9166) BE-Leuven (Unix-Solutions AS39923) BE-Machelen (Tigron bvba AS56837) BE-Zaventem (COMBELLGROUP NV AS34762) BR-Curitiba (PoP-PR AS10881) BR-Florianopolis (PoP-SC AS11242) BR-Guarulhos (RNP AS1916) BR-Ponta Grossa (Universidade Estadua AS53046) BR-Rio de Janeiro (Equinix Brazil AS26592) BR-Salvador (ITS Telecomunicacoes AS28186) BR-São Paulo (Nucleo de Informacao AS22548) BR-Sao Paulo (Misaka Network, Inc. AS57695) CA-Burnaby (Stargate Connections AS19171) CA-Calgary (TELUS AS852) CA-Laval (Amazon Web Services AS16509) CA-Montreal (Protected.CA Inc. AS40470) CA-Old Toronto (GoCodeIT Inc AS62513) CA-Toronto (DigitalOcean AS14061) CA-Vancouver (Tech Futures Interac AS394256) CA-Winnipeg (MERLIN AS16796) CH-Berne (Swisscom IP-Plus AS3303) CH-Lausanne (Nimag Networks Sarl AS6893) CH-Opfikon (nexellent AG AS31424) CH-Rumlang (cloudscale.ch AG AS59414) CH-Schaffhausen (sasag Kabelkommunika AS35518) CH-Solothurn (Solnet AS9044) CH-Vernier (Infomaniak Network S AS29222) CH-Winterthur (Openfactory GmbH AS58299) CH-Zug (Kantonsschule Zug AS34288) CH-Zurich (Massars Network AS57777) CL-Santiago (Universidad de Chile AS27678) CN-Beijing (Amazon Web Services AS16509) CZ-Brno (Master Internet s.r. AS24971) CZ-Prague (2 connect AS35236) CZ-Praha (SkylonHost AS202297) DE-Appenweier (Leitwerk AG AS15894) DE-Berlin (C3NOC AS50472) DE-Bremen (Freifunk Bremen AS3624) DE-Coburg (dacor AS28876) DE-Darmstadt (Chaos Darmstadt e.V. AS6766) DE-Dusseldorf (SpeedPartner GmbH AS34225) DE-Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Karlsruhe Institute AS34878) DE-Erlangen (DFN AS680) DE-Frankfurt (Upcloud Ltd AS202053) DE-Gottingen (SerNet Service Netwo AS41955) DE-Hallbergmoos (IsarNet AG AS197164) DE-Hamburg (NMMN New Media Marke AS20694) DE-Hanover (Hostway Deutschland AS24679) DE-Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Institute AS34878) DE-Koln (GoDaddy AS34011) DE-Leipzig (Tele AG AS58243) DE-Liederbach am Taunus (Amazon Web Services AS16509) DE-Munich (retarus GmbH AS48328) DE-Mutterstadt (Pfalzkom GmbH AS21473) DE-Nuremberg (netcup GmbH AS197540) DE-Nurnberg (TerraTransit AG AS42366) DE-Oberhausen (Kamp Netzwerkdienste AS8648) DE-Offenbach am Main (Freifunk Frankfurt a AS64475) DE-Remscheid (RS Gesellschaft fuer AS60316) DE-Sankt Ingbert (SKYWAY DataCenter Gm AS196763) DE-Stuttgart (Landeshochschulnetz AS553) DE-Tangstedt (mdex AG AS200567) DE-Taufkirchen (IABG Teleport GmbH AS29259) DE-Volling (AS207960 Cyfyngedig AS207960) DE-Wolfsburg (Wobcom GmbH AS9136) DK-Aarhus (TDC A/S AS3292) DK-Ballerup (Gigabit Aps AS60876) DK-Holme (IT Relation A/S AS62319) DK-Hrning (GlobalConnect A/S AS31027) DK-Kbenhavn (Telia Company Denmar AS3308) DK-Kolding (Norlys AS39642) DK-Kongens Lyngby (DeIC AS1835) DK-København (Fiberby ApS AS42541) DK-Skanderborg (team.blue Denmark A/ AS48854) DK-Taastrup (GlobalConnect A/S AS42525) ES-Barcelona (Claranet AS8426) FI-Espoo (CSC/Funet AS1741) FI-Helsinki (Upcloud Ltd AS202053) FI-Jyvaskyla (TNNet Oy Ltd AS30798) FI-Tampere (Cybercom Finland Oy AS51164) FI-Turku (Nullroute ry AS211722) FI-Vantaa (DNA OY AS16086) FR-Bordeaux (Aquilenet AS198985) FR-Courbevoie (Claranet AS8426) FR-Gravelines (OVH AS16276) FR-Grenoble (Grenode AS51083) FR-Ivry-sur-Seine (Hivane AS34019) FR-Marseille (Jaguar Networks AS30781) FR-Maxeville (Adista AS16347) FR-Paris (MilkyWan AS57199) FR-Rennes (grifon AS204092) FR-Saint-Denis (Mediactive Network AS197133) FR-Strasbourg (SdV Plurimedia AS8839) FR-Toulouse (Association tetaneut AS197422) FR-Vitry-sur-Seine (Online S.A.S. AS12876) GB-Britwell (LONAP AS8330) GB-Byfleet (CentralNic Group PLC AS42044) GB-Comrie (Bogons Ltd AS3213) GB-Hoddesdon (Claranet AS6656) GB-London (Cadence Networks Ltd AS197913) GB-London Borough of Tower Hamlets (JackNet AS39192) GB-Maidenhead (Simply Transit AS29550) GB-Maidstone (Custodian Datacentre AS50300) GB-Manchester (M247 Limited AS9009) GB-Nether Poppleton (Bytemark Limited AS35425) GB-Reading (amatis Networks AS34442) GB-Slough (DigitalOcean AS14061) GB-Stratford-on-Avon (Six Degrees Group AS6908) GB-Stretford (Freethought Internet AS41000) GB-Telford (Entanet AS8468) GB-Tredington (Kerfuffle AS35008) GB-Wealden (ServerChoice Ltd AS60672) GI-Gibraltar (Sapphire Networks AS34803) HK- Hong Kong (Amazon Web Services AS16509) HK-Hong Kong (Host Virtual, Inc AS36236) HR-Zagreb (Sedmi Odjel d.o.o. AS198785) HU-Budapest (Magyar Telekom Nyrt AS5483) IE-Castlebar (Westnet AS39093) IE-Cork (CloudCIX Ltd AS47720) IE-Dublin (Amazon Web Services AS16509) IL-Savyon (Interhost Networks L AS61102) IL-Tel Aviv (IUCC AS378) IN-Bengaluru (DigitalOcean AS14061) IN-Mumbai (Amazon Web Services AS16509) IT-Bergamo (Qcom SPA AS41497) IT-Bolzano - Bozen (Brennercom SpA AS20811) IT-Milan (Seeweb s.r.l. AS12637) IT-San Benedetto del Tronto (SBTAP AS59715) IT-Turin (IT.Gate S.p.A. AS12779) JP-Ota (Afilias AS12041) JP-Shinagawa (Linode, LLC AS63949) KE-Nairobi (Liquid Telecom AS30844) KH-Phnom Penh (Sabay Digital Corpor AS7712) KR-Seoul (Amazon Web Services AS16509) LU-Bissen (Gandi AS29169) LU-Steinsel (ROOT S.A. AS5577) MV-Male (Dhiraagu AS7642) MX-Ciudad Juarez (Transtelco AS32098) NC-Noumea (Nautile AS45345) NL-Alblasserdam (Proserve B.V. AS21155) NL-Alkmaar (A2B Internet B.V. AS51088) NL-Almere (Cambrium AS25596) NL-Amsterdam (Mythic Beasts Ltd AS44684) NL-Amsterdam-Zuidoost (Viatel AS31122) NL-Apeldoorn (S.J.M. Steffann AS203993) NL-Arnhem (i4Networks AS39637) NL-Delft (EK-Media B.V. AS51942) NL-Den Haag (Netrouting AS47869) NL-Doetinchem (NovoServe AS24875) NL-Dronten (Solcon Internetdiens AS12414) NL-Ede (Vivor B.V. AS34942) NL-Enschede (University of Twente AS1133) NL-Gilze en Rijen (Global-e Datacenter AS39591) NL-Groningen (Bakker IT AS44103) NL-Haarlem (Leaseweb BV AS60781) NL-Haarlemmermeer (atom86 AS8455) NL-Hengelo (Previder AS20847) NL-Leeuwarden (Networkoperations AS30830) NL-Lelystad (Cloudwebservices AS213268) NL-Midden-Groningen (AS208751 AS208751) NL-Rotterdam (i3D.net AS49544) NL-Schiphol-Rijk (Upcloud Ltd AS202053) NL-Sittard (Unilogic Networks AS28788) NL-Son (SIGNet AS28878) NL-Utrecht (SURFNet AS1103) NL-Westland (WorldStream B.V. AS49981) NL-Zoetermeer (Vertixo B.V AS59545) NO-Bergen (KEKLOLWTF AS60163) NO-Oslo ( AS224) NO-Oslo (Redpill Linpro AS39029) NO-Stavanger (Altibox AS AS29695) NZ-Auckland (Vibe Communications AS45177) NZ-Lower Hutt (Kordia AS24324) NZ-Maungakiekie-Tamaki (SiteHost AS45179) NZ-Waitemata (Prodigi Technology S AS138398) PH-Cebu City (RISE AS63927) PL-Krakow (Connected Sp. z o. o AS49102) PL-Poznan (Maverick AS34688) PL-Sopot (APLITT AS49420) PL-Warsaw (dcenter.pl sp. z o. AS49895) PL-Warszawa (OVH AS16276) PT-Prior Velho (Claranet AS8426) RO-Bucharest (XINDI Networks SRL AS48112) RU-- (VMCity AS51093) RU-Moscow (Lomonosov Moscow Sta AS2848) SE-Goteborg (Oderland Webbhotell AS44136) SE-Gothenburg (PIN Sweden AB AS29468) SE-Karlskrona (City Network Hosting AS42695) SE-Malmo (Bredband2 AB AS29518) SE-Nacka (Portlane AS42708) SE-Solna (Obenetwork AB AS3399) SE-Stockholm (Rackfish AB AS49232) SG-Singapore (DCS1 Pte Ltd AS37989) SI-Ljubljana (6connect Inc AS8038) SK-Bratislava (LightStorm Communica AS42005) TR-Istanbul (Doruknet AS8685) UA-Kiev (Ukrainian Telecommun AS50581) US-Ann Arbor (Merit Network, Inc AS237) US-Ashburn (web2objects GmbH AS62874) US-Asheville (ERC Broadband AS27446) US-Atlanta (Linode, LLC AS63949) US-Baton Rouge (Immense Networks, LL AS7954) US-Berkeley (University of Califo AS25) US-Boardman (Amazon Web Services AS16509) US-Centennial (Ting Fiber AS32133) US-Chantilly (Amazon Web Services AS16509) US-Chaska (CDW AS3599) US-Chicago (Upcloud Ltd AS25697) US-Columbus (Amazon Web Services AS16509) US-Dallas (Nexril AS13830) US-Dallas, TX (NTT AS2914) US-Durango (FastTrack Communicat AS30688) US-El Segundo (ICANN DNS Engineerin AS40528) US-Elk Grove Village (Your.Org AS19255) US-Eugene (NERO Network AS3701) US-Fremont (ipFail Networks AS62538) US-Garden City (Webair Internet Deve AS27257) US-Hanover (Linode, LLC AS63949) US-Herndon (PBW Communications, AS16409) US-Jacksonville (Nodes Direct Holding AS19531) US-Kansas City (KanREN AS2495) US-Lewisville (Connectria Hosting AS11734) US-Los Angeles (ARP Networks, Inc. AS25795) US-Louisville (Flexential AS13649) US-Manassas (Leaseweb BV AS30633) US-Manhattan Community Board 4 (Neptune Networks AS397143) US-Miami (PCextreme AS200837) US-Minneapolis (Honeycomb Internet S AS25720) US-Nashville-Davidson (Flexential AS13649) US-New York ( AS53306) US-New York (AP GP Operations, LL AS54316) US-Old Town Spring (MIDnet AS16970) US-Palo Alto (Internet Systems Con AS1280) US-Piscataway Township (Choopa AS20473) US-Reston (ICANN DNS Engineerin AS16876) US-Sacramento ( AS7065) US-San Francisco (Amazon Web Services AS16509) US-San Jose (Epsilon Data Managem AS25751) US-Santa Clara (DigitalOcean AS14061) US-Santa Rosa (Sonic AS7065) US-Seattle (RGnet LLC / psg.com AS3130) US-SF (DigitalOcean AS14061) US-St. George (InfoWest, Inc AS11071) US-St. Louis (Connectria Hosting AS11734) US-Tempe (Ninja-IX AS53698) US-University City (Washington Universit AS2552) US-Urbana (ICCN AS40387) US-Washington (The George Washingto AS11039) US-Weihai (University of Califo AS5739) US-West Chicago (20C AS63311) ZA-Cape Town (Amazon Web Services AS16509) ZA-Germiston (Automattic AS2635) ZA-Newlands East (Thusa Connect AS32437) ZA-Sandton (INX-ZA AS37474) ZA-Umhlanga (INX-ZA AS37668) ZW-Harare (Liquid Telecom AS30844)
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GeoTraceroute v1.2 Earth look ▪ Preferences ▪ Methodology ▪ Credits ▪ Contact

GeoTraceroute to:

umt.edu

#1		FR - Strasbourg (0 km) 213.225.160.213 [AS8839] (0 ms) 213.225.160.252 [AS8839] (1 ms) 212.95.64.57 [AS8839] (2 ms) 149.12.208.1 [AS174] (2 ms)
#2		FR - Paris (376 km) 154.54.59.5 [AS174] (8 ms)
#3		US - New York (5840 km) 154.54.27.169 [AS174] (79 ms)
#4		US - Cleveland (683 km) 154.54.162.169 [AS174] (87 ms)
#5		US - Chicago (507 km) 154.54.7.129 [AS174] (95 ms)
#6		US - Omaha (669 km) 154.54.166.73 [AS174] (108 ms)
#7		US - Denver (759 km) 154.54.90.21 [AS174] (119 ms)
#8		US - Salt Lake (629 km) 154.54.163.250 [AS174] (129 ms) 154.54.88.221 [AS174] (127 ms)
#9		US - Seattle (1108 km) 154.54.86.110 [AS174] (143 ms) 38.88.51.42 [AS174] (147 ms) 209.124.188.11 [AS101] (148 ms) 209.124.188.175 [AS101] (158 ms)
#10		US - Missoula (633 km) 192.73.48.99 [AS3807] (153 ms)

Path via: Cogent Communications
Path / real distance: 11204 / 8013 km
Countries involved: 2

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