Now I need to know

I've known for decades that the people of north and south America never had horses until the European invaders introduced them, but I honestly still find myself struggling to figure out how they managed without horses for so long, knowing they didn't have anything comparable. South America had llamas and alpacas, the far north had dogs pulling sleds, but what did the rest of them do? Did they walk everywhere? I know there were a lot of tribes that migrated with the herds during winter and spring, but like... did they just carry everything on their back? Did they have wheeled sleds the dogs could pull? Did they strap things to the backs of dogs? Some plains indians tribes had tipis, so they had to carry those somehow, but how?

Now I need to know, just because something on the Internet reminded me of this.

Edit: I just realized canoes could be part of it.

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This was cross-posted from https://fayanora.dreamwidth.org/1685705.html
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