THE ENGLISH CODE

North. South. East. West. Those are the four major directional words. We take the source of these words for granted today. We have maps and can clearly see what NORTH means. But imagine if you lived in a world with no written language or maps. What would the direction WEST mean to you? Take a look outside and ponder, because the roots of these words were created in the time before the creation of maps and written language.

Obviously, these words did have specific meanings in the no-map world in which they were created. With some simple analysis, we can intuit what these words first meant.

NORTH: There are two key parts to the word/sound NORTH. The OR is LIGHT. OR is the Hebrew word for  light, but it also exists within English words like AURA, TORCH, MORNING and HORIZON. OR/ AUR are word/sounds for light because O is a round sound, and R is the consonant with the most energy. ( RRRR, like a jungle growl ) So OR sums to round energy, which represents the sun and its light.

Then there is the NEGATIVE N, a prefix on NORTH. Both linguists and lay people are generally aware of how N, when in front of a word, often refers to negativity. NAUGHTY, NEITHER, NOR – etc. So when the word NORTH was coined, it actually meant no light and referred to the fewer hours and lower intensity of sunlight in the northern climates. NIGHT also means no light. So NORTH is also a descriptive word, not just a random sound.

SOUTH: To analyze SOUTH properly, one should be aware that S-words in PIE and Arabic languages often refer to the sun. (SUN SOLAR SHEMESH (Hebrew) SAHAI (Ethiopian) I explain why this is in my blog on S-words. SOUTH was first a way first of saying “in the direction of the sun”.  Also descriptive.

In French, SOUTH is SUD (sude).  SUDAN comes to mind. Then there are words like sub, supine, and suspect (look under) wherein the SU refers to the concept of under. This informs us that these words must been generated in a world where north-oriented maps were already created. Just be aware that without a northern -oriented map, one would not normally conclude that the south is under the north. Under is a relative concept.

WEST: WEST is a word that morphed from OESTE (OH-WEST-AY), the Spanish word for west. The W-sound is formed as a  bi-product of the transition from O to EH in OESTE. Try saying OESTE now to confirm. OH is an old word for water. You can see/hear it in the French water-word, EAU ( O), and in words like OSMOSIS ( water moving) and OCEAN. And the ST of WEST, refers to stasis, as it does in nearly every word ST appears in. Make a list of common ST-words to confirm this.

So WEST meant “water stop” when the world was coined! That tells us that WEST was created near the Atlantic Ocean, likely in Spain or France. If you feel this metaphor could be a stretch, take a look at another word for the WEST, OCCIDENT. ( Opposite to ORIENT.)

OCCIDENT begins with OC(OS), the old water word again. The two CC’c clearly show us that we have two conjoined word-parts here, OC and CIDE. And we all know what CIDE means. ( homocide, suicide, etc.) CIDE refers to being killed. So the OCCIDENT first meant “the water will kill you”.  It’s pretty severe, but it lines up with the analysis of water-stop.  That is why Viking ships had dragons carved out on their bows. It also confirms the folklore that Columbus was very brave because it was widely assumed a ship would fall off the edge if it persisted westward.

Fear of the ocean is encoded in the words WEST and OCCIDENT because this is how folks actually thought back then. To me, this is one of the most exciting things about etymology and Common Language Code. It can reveal the thought processes of our ancestors. No video. No tape recorders. No written words. Just the trail of spoken words and some basic word analysis. Amazing.

EAST: For EAST, place a hyphen between the E and A, creating E-AST. AST is known to be a word/sound for STARS. ASTRONOMY is the study of the stars, right? E as a prefix sound can mean “out of”. The Latin phase e pluribus enum means out of many, one. The original sense of EAST was the stars come up from that direction. EVENING also refers to things that come (vene is Latin for come) from the east.

All of the four English directional words had descriptive meanings before there was written lanaguge or maps. I have just revived those meanings for the world. I feel good about that.

Now that we have maps, we can afford to overlook the original meaning of these directional words and just think “oh, north is where Norway is”, etc. But it’s way cooler to know what those words first meant as well. I would imagine this sort of directional-word analysis would hold up in nearly all of the world’s 6000 languages. And, if a directional word for WEST was formed in an area where the was no ocean in the west, that word might refer to the local mountain range, or a tribe that lived in that direction, etc. That would be an interesting study.

A dog is a canine, and a canine is a dog. Still these words conjur up slightly different feelings in us. Dogs seem to be happier. They are our friends. Canines more serious, right? They feel more like wolves. There are etymological reasons for that.

The word CANINE is a C-word, which in English almost always conjurs up some sort of image of closure. In my previous blog, I described why that came to be. It originated with birds.  They make caw sounds and have claws that catch things.  The closure of the canine is not it’s claw or paw; it is its bite! In fact, humans even have teeth that are called canines. So there’s not much controversy there. The word CARNIVORE comes to mind.

But where does the friendly word DOG come from? The OED has no definitive source, and OED scholars generally believe that the origin of DOG “remains one of the great mysteries of English etymology”. (etymonline)

Really? With a little common sense ( not common among OED linguists )Common Lanaguage Code ( CLC) provides a logical, folky explanation for the source of DOG.

The closest word to DOG is DIG. Dogs dig. Canines bite. It’s really that easy. Those are the attributes that dogs/canines were named for.  DIG refers to a motion that is downwards. Other D-words that refer to downward motions are: DOWN, DIVE, DOVE ( named for a dive doves do while mating ) DEEP and DUNGEON. DUNE is said to derive from a Hebrew word for DOWN, DYOONAH.

D-words have many other meanings of course. The D is ADVANCE is a motion forward. In the word DIRECT, we see a moTion that is RIGHT ( DI-RECT). I capitalized the T in MOTION for a reason. I dont consider T ( or its morph cousin D ) to be a natural or original CLC word to represent the concept of motion. S occupies that space best. B, but notice how the T in MOTION is pronounced as an S or SH. There is a morph path from T/D to S

But DIG is a nearly perfect word; the G at the end represents GROUND. GEO ( Greek) also refers to land or ground. So the motion is from the digger ( the dog ) into the ground.

G is a really strange consonant in CLC because its meaning varies depending on where it exists within a word. In the words GUSH, GROW, GO, GIVE, GURU and even GOD, there is a sense that the energy of the action is moving from the source of the energy – outwards. But in words that end in a G, the energy proceeds downwards or towards the ground: RUG, SAG, BOG, LAG and DIG.

Nearly everyone realizes the words DOG and GOD are plaindromes. But now you know why! Dogs were named for digging down, God was named for giving.

Note: The Hebrew word for arm is YOD. Hebrew scholars consider yod to be the root of the word GOD – but its a giving arm.

Let me entertain you! Here is a link to a song I just wrote for my granddaughter about dogs. She loves it. Hope you enjoy too.

https://soundcloud.com/joey-z-2/big-dog-coming-around

When I began noticing that sounds carried meaning within English words, many of them were relatively easy to analyze with just a dictionary and some logic. With C-words, the results were more uniformly connected than with any other consonant sound. English C-words were either about or relatable to the concept of closure in percentages way too high to be coincidental.

I post a short list of basic C-words here so that you can confirm that notion, but I encourage skeptics to make their own lists. There are exceptions, of course. Most exceptions can be attributed as morphs from G-words, as G and C are close in sound, formation, and general shape.

close clap catch claw clam can coffin case cave cabin class chase clue cease skin chew cup cork capture canoe (Arawak Indian) casa (Spanish) carafe cart basket cling climb caulk clan clasp car carry circle cinch corral coral chain connect con- curtain crab cleave clad clothes canine (for its bite) buckle (beautiful closure) clot come (together) cover kill

What I could not figure out for some time was the reason this happened. There is nothing about the sound of KUH or CHUH that resembled the sound of closure. What is the sound of closure anyway? Perhaps a clap, which does not much sound like CUH.

The C-sound/meaning correlation came to me while pondering the Alaskan city of Ketchikan. Ketchikan refers to an eagle.  And of course, eagles have claws that catch prey. I started thinking about other bird names that started with the CUH-sound. There were quite a few: crows, kites, cormorants, kites, cocks, chickens, gulls ( with a stretch via the G/C morph. )

That’s when it hit me that birds make CUH-sounds: coo, caw – and they always have! If our first C-words we used referred to birds, it could have been about their claws and ability to catch food ( we were/are  not inherently good at that ). And then that association stuck and persisted over the years.

The thing that differentiates Common Language Code (CLC ) theory from other platforms that attempt to trace the sources of our words, is that CLC remains very mindful of the fact that 75,000 years ago we were a species reduced to as little as 5000 members. Essentially, 75,000 years ago, humans were on the proverbial endangered species list. CLC never loses sight of the genetically proven Oppenheimer theory that there was an emigration from Africa and we are all related to those few emigrants.

Yes, archaeologists now can confirm there was another emigration, perhaps 120,000 years ago. And yes, this small group of people had spoken language, as the fuller language faculty seems to have originated about 125,000 years ago. (It was always with us to some degree as even grunts carry meaning. )

CLC does not look to the 6000 languages we have today and try to piece together the trail back. With CLC, we take notice of today’s congruencies between sounds, the formation of sounds, body/sign language and meanings and ask how these associations may  have originated in the Stone Age environment of about 100,000 years ago.

CLC theorists do not believe that the sound/meaning relationships are coincidental. Granted, we may never know with certainty the exact reasons that sounds and meanings got linked in every language on earth. That does not mean there was not an origin. It just means “you had to be there”. Maybe a tribal leader had a lisp, etc.

Still, within modern English, sound/meaning correlations are strong and vital. And the fact that the written English letters can be thought of as iconic shapes (hieroglyphs ) that define the main meaning of the word-family they head up, is very telling. C does look like a claw, does it not? It tells me that the scribes that created these letter shapes knew these associations. And that means we have forgotten what was once known.

Stay tuned.

Why these words have persisted in languages for thousands of years

Research grant offer for linguists and statisticians

Last week Jewish people celebrated Rosh Ha Shannah, which means the head of the year, in Hebrew. SHANNAH means year. In Chinese, year sounds something like NIAN. In Latin, and many Romance languages, it would be something like ANNUM or ANO.  Those are basically the three large language groups on planet earth, Asian, Arabic and English/Romance/PIE, and all have AN in their words for YEAR.

So why does that happen in language families which seem to be so far apart? Linguist Joseph Aronesty attributes this to what he calls Common Language Code (CLC).  It often looks to the position and direction of the tongue to intuit meanings. When saying AN, the tongue motion is up. Say AN (pronounced AHN) to confirm. Your tongue ends up touching the roof of your mouth. Now here is the important historical clue that tells us why this means YEAR. The Sumerian word for SKY was AN.

The leading vowel sound in AN (AHN) is AHH. That’s the largest vowel sound we can make. It’s why dentists say “open your mouth and say AHH”. So AN translates as LARGE and UP, a perfectly logical way to describe the sky. This AN-word was not created by coincidence. CLC theory predicts that very few words in any language should exist by coincidence.

So then, what does SKY have to do with YEAR? Actually that is also very logical.  When the word AN was created, there were no calendars. The way humans defined a year in the Stone Ages, was to remember that the celestial objects in the sky appeared to be in the same position that they were about 365 days ago. Without writing things down, that is sort of an amazing thing right there. Who among is today can honestly say they can recall the exact position of the celestial sky from a year ago?

But Stone Age humans had much less distraction than we do today. No TV, no smart phones, but still focused on light! And even in their short life spans, they managed to make mental notes of the details of the sky, and pass them on to the next generation.

So the documented early word (Sumerian) for sky was AN, which got linked to words for YEAR because the sky was the tool we used to measure a year. This CLC root word, AN, still persists in the three main language families spoken on earth today.

What created the AN/SKY relationship was the physiognomy of the human mouth. The way we communicated the concept of  SKY before we could speak was with body/sign language: we pointed upwards with our hands! Once we got control of our tongues, we substituted tongue motion for hand motion, and the word AN was born. (The ANDES mountains were also named for being up high, for this same reason, and these

But then what happened to the word YEAR in English. Why is that not an AN-word? There are always twists and turns in the history of spoken words. For this analysis, we must look to more traditional word paths. In Greek HORA means “year, season, any part of a year,” also “any part of a day, hour.

So the word YEAR is related to the word HOUR, and that contains another perfect CLC word, OR, which means light in Hebrew, and persists in Scandinavian/English as AURA and in words like ORANGE, TORCH and WORD.

There was some mental equivalency between LIGHT and WORDS in the Stone Ages. This logic may have been based on the fact that both light and sound appear to travel quickly, but without legs. This is why words like LIBRARY and LITERATURE resemble the words for LIGHT.

But OR is a perfect CLC word as well. The R in OR represents energy. The RRR sound is the most energetic of all consonants. You will find “R” in many English words which have to do with ENERGY. The “O” is a round sound, the mouth making itself as round as it can when we say “O”. So O+R = round energy, which describes the sun, hence light.

Joseph Aronesty is a U of P graduate, whose book “Deciphering the English Code” (Amazon) explains how all languages, new and old are related by predictable codes, rooted in sound, the way we make sounds and our previous way of communicating, body/sign language.

RESEARCH GRANT OFFER

We are currently looking for linguists and statisticians to run word polls and prove how CLC unifies all or most of the world’s languages. Noam Chomsky has suggested that a linguist/statistician be employed to prove (or disprove) the theory.  If proofs turn up positive, the published results should be worthy of world recognition, impacting the way we view languages and the way we teach them.

Those interested and qualified to run numbers and publish results in a manner acceptable to the academic community may contact Mr. Aronesty at josepharonesty@gmail.com. He has established grant funds to take care of qualified researchers for this project.

Titanic is one of the world’s most re-watched movie for reasons. Mostly, all people can identify with the concept of impending doom because, in a very real way, we are all on a metaphorical Titanic, and in time, we are all going under. Enjoy life while you can, right?

But what draws us to watch Titanic over and over again is observing the choices people make in such a dire situation. It’s as if we know we all will face this sort of thing one day, and we must school ourselves on what to do when it happens. So we watch, over and over, as if we will learn something different next time.

And there are heroes … those we would aspire to be: Jack (DiCaprio), Rose –  and singular a villain, Rose’s fiancé.  (See, I don’t even remember his name.)

I don’t think there is any difference between American Democrats and Republicans as to whom the heroes and villain are in this beloved parable. And yes, we all know sort of know Donald Trump would have been the fiancé, the spolied rich young-headed man who “makes his own luck” regardless of the cost to others. The one who grabs a baby and gets on the lifeboat for fathers and mothers. He takes the coward’s route, just the way Donald did when he faced being drafted or his alleged financial difficulties in 1995. (Not paying income tax.)

In this Titanic situation, we can at least understand that a bit. Still. This man is not a hero. Not one to look up to. Not one we would ideally aspire to be. And certainly not one we want to be our leader!

Now since my expertise and passion is English word history, I can tell you this image came to me while contemplating the relationship between the words TITANIC and TITLE. My theory, known as Common Language Code (CLC) , predicts there should be a very real relationship between those two words.

TITAN is a Greek word that refers to the second generation of gods, immortal beings. TITLE is a word that is also called a HEADING. And there is the relationship! Titans are the metaphorical heads of mankind.

But where did the words TITLE and TITAN come from in ancient Greece? CLC predicts the original image was related to TOUCH. That is because we gently do a touch with our tongues in our mouths, when we say tuh. There’s nothing much touching about TITLE or TITAN. But there is another TT word we all know, and that is TEAT, or TIT. And that is very touchy. And teats are heads of sorts are they not? Viewed that way, they are the ends of a larger body, just the way a head is. And support for this comes in the French word for head, which many know as TETE. (tet) So a TITLE is a HEADING and TITANS were at the top of mankind’s chain of power, the way a head is at the top of a body. Language is logical.

There is one more word wource for TITAN to consider. Regard how close the consonants are in DIETY and TITAN: DT and TT. D is the closest sound to T. Consider how BOTTLE is pronounced BODDLE, and you have that. So gods were named with D’s ( deus, deity) and T’s ( theocracy). These consonants often reflects a touch of sorts, but more a “giving touch”. In fact, the word for GOD is almost identical to the Hebrew name for arm, YOD.

One world-famous image that relays the giving deity image was created by Michelangelo.

Joseph Aronesty is a U of P graduate, whose book “Deciphering the English Code” (Amazon) explains how all languages, new and old are related by certain basic codes. You can view his blog on word history here: https://englishcode.wordpress.com/

Terrorism? Racism? Police violence?

There is one root source for these problems  … and Bernie had it right!

The singular problem that drives these three social issues is greed. It is the idea that a person gets, ( and we all do ) that we as individuals are better or more important than other people. It’s actually very natural, driven by the self-preservation instinct.

But it works against us as a species, now that we have guns and WMD’s and it is just a matter of time before it is our undoing. Every day, we face a small probability that the end of our species will begin that day. It’s like a lottery for doomsday being issued every morning. How dumb are we?

Racism is the USA? Well, how did human beings from Africa get put on boats and sold into slavery, if not for personal greed? This country’s financial advantage was largely built on the backs of slave labor up until 1865. That greed from hundreds of years ago, ( Slavery is a thousands of years old tradition that began in Africa.)  created the raciscm we see today towards dark-skinned people in the USA. These attitudes are passed down
from generation to generation, just as language is.

Islamic terrorism? Well, that goes back to two sources. The USA has to take ownership of its greed for oil located in non USA places. This greed led to our presence in the Middle East, which led to their rational distrust and hatred of Americans. Ask yourself how you would feel, if Iran had a military base in Kansas or they were mining in Utah?   Couple that with the fact that the powers that be in most Middle East countries  have aligned with their billionaires (  just as they do here ), to deprive their constituency of the basics essentials of a good life.  Desperate people are easily swayed towards hatred. The economics of the military ( here and everywhere) wants its constituency desparate, so its easy to get recruits cheap.

So you can see – rasicm and terrorism have one root – economic disparity. I think that being a billionaire, in a world that has needy citizens, is by its nature – obscene. A person, and his extended family, simple never needs that much money – and they know that.

The cost to society for not taxing billionaires very heavily, is all the desperation we see in the general public arena. And that perpetuates racism, fear of the other and terrorism. Dont you think that the Iraqi view American soldiers as terrorists, with hundreds of thousands of their friends and family members left dead?

And billionaires do NOT, per se, create jobs. That is another big myth these days. Demand for goods and services creates jobs. Sometimes, entrepreneurs ( billionaires or not ) actually create new products and that creates jobs, but also displaces jobs.  Today, we are trending towards machines doing the work that humans used to do. Think self-driving cars and how that technology will impact truckers and taxi drivers. So the idea that billionaires are heroes or somehow good for us, is also way out of line. They create and perpetuatre that myth, so that we dont wake up one day and realize we are all suffering owing to the greed of a few.

So what is the solution to all of this? Our USA has been robbed by greed, because our country was founded on greed. Greed was and still is deemed good here. The Wild West, right?  We have billionaires who pay less taxes %-wise that its citizens do.

The solution is to take back the funds that have been robbed from our communal treasury and make sure that tax rates for those who have the essential of life
are HIGHER not lower, that those that don’t. A combination of a retro tax and a progressive tax rate will solve racism and crime here in the USA.

Bernie had it right! And so does Elizabeth Warren. Certainly not Trump and maybe not Clinton. We will see on her. She might have matured. Its hard to tell because when running for president, you have to guard your words and plans so carefully. Well, not Trump ..  and that’s why he probably can’t really win. I went to school with Donald – Wharton in 1969. I know this guy as a kid. He is the same empathy-dumb bully now, as he was then. He has not matured and that I am sure of.

So its all about ending or lowering the economic gaps that are widening all over thw world right now. This has to happen in the Islamic countries for that terrorism to stop. All we can do is set that example here is the USA , and be patient.

The world is watching. Our doomsday clock is not dismantled. Billionaires have to be essentially outlawed. They have to be taxed so highly that its much harder to accumulate funds beyond say 100-200 million. The 80% tax rates of the 1950’s for the super-rich was smart.  They made it so that our society had funds for infrastructure and better schools.

Listen. I am a captialist. I created the world’s first e-commerce site with a shopping cart in 1996. My family and I eat well, and live good. We have what we need. But we can’t afford a jet plane or a house in Switzerland. And we don’t want that.

All I am saying is that until the least of us has enough to get by, its not right or even smart for any folks to be billionaires. After all have the basics of life, then sure – its fine. That is the idea behind single payer healthcare.  It’s smart. Societies that provide healthcare for all have less need for police force. That’s a fact. It’s a win/win.

There will always be economic differences between people. But, if we want racism and terrorism to slowly disappear – we have to put the real criminals, the untaxed or the lowly taxed and hiding funds overseas super-rich (and the Donald is among the worst of them ) in jail – and/or take back what they have robbed.

Yes, the robbery of the super-rich may currently be legal. But they have bought the politicians. That is illegal and that has to stop too. In the USA, we need politicians who are driven to fix these issues and are not motivated by personal advance.

Bernie had all this right. Economic justice fuels racism, police brutatlity and terrorism. 

Let’s continue his revolution – regardless of who wins the presidency. The president alone is not going to fix this. We have to.

Please – for our kids sake – for our legacy.

DEPLORABLE seems to be the word of the week. It is classically defined as: deserving strong condemnation. But what are its roots?

Clearly you have three parts to this word: DE, PLOR, and ABLE. Let’s start with the PLOR.

What you see there can be broken into two parts as well: PL and OR. These are two word parts that are clearly defined in my book. PL is a form of FALL. (P and F are etymological morphs.) You see it in words like PLUNDER, RAPPEL, IMPALE, and PLOW. ( A plow does go down under the earth). The Spanish word PALOS, as in Palos Verdes, means FALLS. The “L” in these words represents a negativity. ( L is an up or down phoneme, owing to the fact the the tongue moves UP to say EL.)

And the OR in PLOR is just our oldest word for LIGHT, as in AURA, TORCH and MORNING, but it also exists in WORD and ORAL.  The ancients believed that light and words were similar forces. ( They both are waves, they had it right enough. ) PLORARE is a Latin word meaning “to weep or cry”, and you can feel the “fallen words” in that word.

ABLE is a “father’s work” word. ( More OR’s, they are everywhere.) ABBA is the desert word for father, and it is associated with work. The Spanish word for work, TRABAJAR also has that father reference in it. So something or someone that is ABLE, is essentially “workable”.

DEPLORABLE breaks down as ” it is workable to say bad words about whatever is deplorable.”

Do many of Trump supporters deserve to have bad words said about them? Without putting in a percentage, I think most people would agree to a yes. An undetermined percentage of Trump supporters have certainly been deplorable. One could also say, that Trump himself is deplorable. And Trump has described many portions of the US population as being deplorable, among them, Muslims and Mexicans.

In fact, one could also say this entire presidential race has been on many levels, deplorable. Deplorable may even be the word of the year! Keep it up guys.

It’s early September, back to school time all around the world. Today at 3PM, I saw a high school let out, the traffic signal workers all focused and busy. Maybe 3000 kids ( this is LA ) all leaving at one ringing moment. And yet, this visual that paraded in front of my eyes as I was stopped at a light, is exactly what the word SCHOOL was built upon. Not the learning thing! Listen up, class. 🙂

In the front of SCHOOL, the S represents motion, because of the ongoing, continuing sound of SSSSS. You find that confirmed in a host of S-words like SHOO, SWIM, SHAKE, SEND, SWIVEL, SURGE, SHIP and many more.

That then leaves you with the suffix, CHOOL. Let’s examine SCHOOL’S cousin word SCHOLAR. What is left is CHOL, pronounced more like COL these days. And COL is about exactly what you think it should be about, a COLLECTIVE ( or CLASS ). C-words are almost always about some sort of CLOSURE.

And there you have it! SCHOOL first meant MOVE TOGETHER or MOVE IN A GROUP. It had nothing to do with learning! It referred to the socialization that is learned in a group, or some massive child-sitting program, created so people had the time to work.

The school you go to is more like that school of fish, that you might like to think.

kids move through school in groups

so does a school of fish

Children move together in groups through school like fish move in a school.

And so do two glasses, when they CLINK together in Scandinavia. Skol!

An earworm, sometimes known as a brainworm, is a catchy piece of music that continually repeats through a person’s mind after it is no longer playing.

We all know music is easier to remember than plain words. But why? Has there ever been a study that reveals why this is so?

With all the talk about Brexit, I thought I would share the etymology of the word Britain with my followers. Doggerland was an area of land, now lying beneath the southern North Sea, that connected Great Britain to mainland Europe during and after the last Ice Age. It was then gradually flooded by rising sea levels around 6,500–6,200 BCE.

Etymonline records that Britt-os was the Celtic name for the inhabitants of Britain at the time of Jesus.  In Greek they were recorded as Prittanoi, which is said to mean “tattooed people.

Granted the Brits of 2000 years ago may have been tattooed people, but this does not mean that the word BRIT meant tattoo. Most English words that start with BR- have something to do with bridges. A BRIDE is a BRIDGE and so is a BRIBE. A BROTHER is like a genetic BRANCH within a family. BROCCOLI is a branch-like vegetable. A BROOK is a small stream that BRANCHES off a larger river or stream.

This is not linguistic coincidence. This is the two lobes in the written letter B, representing the two lobes of the cheeks employed while making the B sound, playing out in spoken language and preserved for over 2ooo years!

In my opinion this BR sound has meant two – like BI does as well – since the Dawn of Speak, 100,000 years ago. So BRITAIN seems to mean BRIDGE TERRAIN, which is what it was. In fact the -TAIN in BRITAIN is the same -TAIN in MOUNTAIN, which obviously refers to a land area (that is mounded).

There would have been centuries of time when the land in what was Doggerland would have resembled a bridge area. S0 while I accept that the people in that area 2000 years ago were tattooed, I believe they named themselves for a word in their vocabulary that would have referred to the concept of a BRIDGE in their tongue and in most tongues in that general area back then. This is an example of CLC, Common Language Code, which  you can learn more about in my book, Deciphering the English Code.