Today's world is increasingly virtual, so we are obliged to interact with programs, applications and technological tools, so that it is necessary to know them. On this occasion, information of interest is presented on the Database models Computer scientists.
Database models
A database is defined, it is a group of data that has a similar origin and that is recorded in a systematic so they can be processed later. How this information is processed will depend on the scope that the user has established.
If you want to understand in a simple way what a database is, you can take a library as an example, since it is registered and stored insights and documents of different topics, which are kept with common points and in an orderly manner so that they can be consulted in the future.
The databases work in the same way, they order and categorize the recorded data, which will be available for further consultation and analysis.
Regarding the process of saving the information in the library, it can be the mirror image of what is known as indexing, which occurs daily in search engines or Internet browsers, this is supported by different database model types.
Special softwares have been developed with which it is possible to work all the database models, which are known as Database Management Systems. These systems allow quick storage and subsequent access to the data stored within the database.
In particular, the Database Management Systems have personalized characteristics for the different database model types.
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Currently, there are a large number of databases that can be used, they have their classification according to its context, structure, user needs and utility. Below we present the classification of the Database model types:
According to the variability of the database
In the last ten years, being database model type that is presented, will depend on the way in which the data is structured within it. There are two types: dynamic and static databases.
Static Databases
These particular databases, are created for reading stored data. It is used for the storage and recording of historical data and the development of studies that allow us to understand behavior and patterns over a certain time.
This type of database is very Useful for organizations that want to make projections, statistics and direct their decision-making processes from the organizational aspect.
Dynamic databases
En contrast with static, dynamic databases can be modified over time, allowing permanent functions in terms of updating, editing and deleting data as desired.
To understand in a practical way how a database works, an ambulance service at home will be used as an example. In order to provide an adequate medical service, the patient care staff keeps a record of the ambulances they have and the personnel assigned to each one.
At the time of being called for an emergency, the patient care personnel must quickly consult the available ambulances with their respective health personnel and also must tell the patient in emergency: the availability and estimated waiting time.
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According to the content
Continuing with the analysis of the data and database model types that exist, we present a class of databases that depends on the prioritization of the content to be analyzed. Among those that can be mentioned in this database model type, we have:
Bibliographic
Databases bibliographies, perhaps the most known and managed by all, they are the record that helps the user to classify different data fields.
A database of this type can include the following fields: date of publication, author, title, publisher, among other fields.
These fields can be consulted and reviewed individually or in groups. However, it should be noted that in this database model type you will not get the complete information that a document contains.
Full text
This is a functional database that allows you to search for specific terms or words, keywords and any option that can be presented in a bibliographic database, but in this database model type You can consult the full text that is stored.
These databases are widely used at levels academic and scientific research.
Directories
This database model type they are the ones we use daily. In fact, we have them on mobile devices, with the information that is collected in the applications we use and that we back up in a virtual cloud.
For more information, we invite you to read the article on Hybrid cloud: definition, function, benefits and more.
They are typically used for business purposes, and include basic parameters that allow to maintain an order and have the information organized, example of this: names, addresses, telephone contacts, email addresses, codes postcards, among others.
According to the models
This database model type are characterized by the different archetypes of data management.
Most of these database model types They are governed by their structuring to the way in which the data is saved, through descriptions, on the other hand, there are other types that will depend on the techniques of storing and retrieving those descriptions.
The powerful thing about these types is that since they are completely digital, systems can be implemented traditional efficient databases in relation to algorithms.
Hierarchical
This database model type, allows information to be stored in a hierarchical structure or with an order or category of importance. In this database the data is organized in a tree or inverted triangle image.
This hierarchical structure that is built in the form of an upside down triangle, is built with segments or fragments known as branches or nodes.
The nodes or segments that the tree database allows to build can be achieved in three categories or ways:
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Parental: this is a node that triggers descendants. All parents are located at the same level and are given the same importance value.
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Child: this node will depend of the parental node, it is a derivative of the previous one.
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Root: this is the origin of the data, since it does not have a parental node, it is located in the highest part of the inverted tree, from this all nodes are triggered.
Advantages of the data structure
Among some of the advantages of implementing this database model type, the information globalization process can be highlighted, the incredible ability to share information between the different users of the databases, the integration of the information, since its structure ensures that only the correct information will be recorded and stored and, finally, the independence of the data.
Disadvantages of the data structure
Among the disadvantages that can be highlighted, we have: the weak points of this database model type They focus on the fact that it is rigid, since, once the database is created and designed, it is difficult to make changes or modifications.
Likewise, it can be emphasized that it is not easy to build this database model type. In addition, it requires a lot of knowledge of the information units that are going to feed it and it is necessary to define in a very specific way the relationships said units will have with each other.
In network
Network databases are similar to hierarchical databases, but their main difference is the way the node is made up. In this database model type, nodes can have different parents or parents.
Which was first developed, represented a great evolution in relation to hierarchical databases, because its variant in the way of constructing the nodes provided a solution to the inconveniences when the data was redundant.
Currently this database model type It is not used regularly, because the complexity to make changes or modifications, in addition to making adaptations, increases the level of complexity of its way of structuring them, which makes it unattractive to be used by programmers or regular database users.
Transactional
These types of databases are built to meet very particular objectives. They take care of sending and receiving data at high speed. Transactional databases are really unusually used by users who do not are associated with the industrial area and production areas in very complex lines.
An example typical, where a transactional database can be used is within the banking system, where any type of monetary exchange operation between accounts is recorded. From an account there is an emission of data of the debit of the money and instantaneously, the account that was defined as the destination account, load data of the amount or amount of money that is received is created.
Relational
Relational databases have long taken over the database arena. The central point of this database model type It is the use of the existing relationships between the data.
The language of programming that dominates in this type of database is SQL which means "Structured Query Language".
For more information, we invite you to read the article on History of programming languages.
Its operability is basically in which the data is entered in the respective registers, which will then be organized in tables. As the data is organized, the possible relationships that exist between these data can be presented in a simple way, and it is possible to cross them quickly for the subsequent issuance of the required reports and analysis..
These databases are recommended when the data to be used has a margin of error of minimum to null and they will not need to make changes or modifications constantly.
Basically, these databases are based on the fact that the data is placed in records, which are then organized in tables, allowing to relate the elements or parameters between them in a very simple way and they cross them immediately, managing to establish relationships or associations between the registers in an intuitive way.
Multi-dimensional
These databases are created to perform very defined functions. There is not much difference between relational databases and multidimensional databases. Where they differ, it can only be seen in the conceptual range, because in them, the attributes or fields of the table can be of two classes.
They may be representing dimensions within a table with data or they may represent the metrics that you are trying to acquire.
Object oriented
This database model type object-oriented are among the most current known. It is important to highlight the great capacity and power of these databases. In this database model type not only is specific information about the object stored but the object is fully stored.
The object is given a set of characteristics to distinguish it from objects that may be similar. The advantages and benefits of this database model They are, that admit a greater number of content and allow the user to have much more information about the object at hand.
Documentaries
This database model type, are a group of information that documents such as data query and storage structuring use. These documents are made up of multiple data and records, and are designed with the NoSQL programming language, which provides a large number of technical and flexible advantages and benefits.
These databases allow you to manipulate heavy volumes of information in short periods of time. At present, its wide variety of modules and functions that can be adapted to many query mechanisms, have transformed it into one of the most widely used databases. popular work for programmers.
Deductives
This is a database that gives the possibility of carrying out deductive actions through inference, its operation will depend on the parameters, conditions and events that can be stored in that database.
These databases are better known as a logical database, since it is based on mathematical logic. Are They arise as a result of the restrictions that arise in the relational databases when making queries and establishing theories about the relationships that could arise between the data that were stored.
This database uses a programming language well-known datalog that gives the computer the possibility to solve the deductions in order to answer the users' queries.
Among the benefits or advantages that deductive databases offer us, we can mention:
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Use of standards logics to solve the queries.
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It has stratified negations.
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Ability to acquire new information through the information that is already stored in the database through of inference.
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Use of algorithms that achieve the optimization of the queries.
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Supports objects and groups traditional complex.
Access to information of the Databases
Although the great particularity of databases is data storage, but users stand out as the key feature, information retrieval simply and quickly.
In a relational database, it is very easy to query for insights about a worker, but in addition, these bases add the powerful complex queries, these queries are requests to teach specific kinds of information or to report on the use of the data.
A clear example is a worker database that contains tables like salary information, job description, and a supervisor can query the workers who have higher salaries or from a certain amount of salary.
The kind of information that is stored in the database, the respective queries can be designed using SQL as the programming language, which will help you answer more questions critics.
Storage
The databases range from small sizes, 1MB, to larger and more complex, such as terabyte government databases, however, all databases manage to store and locate information on the used storage device saved by using a computer.
Large databases, They may require the use of servers in different places, but the databases can be saved without inconvenience as files on a hard disk of a computer..
Assurance
A large part of databases store Information of a security and important nature, which should not be easily accessible by any user, so that access codes and other security measures must be used to gain access to the information complete.
Some databases can be entered using the Internet but others are closed systems and can be entered on local computers.
We hope that the information provided in this article about database model type has been of interest and utility.
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