There
\nare two types of verbal communication which are formal and informal
\ncommunication. Formal communication is used in offices and social gathering.
\nThere are two types of formal communication. The Downward and Upward<\/span><\/div>\n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Downward communication <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
This is from
\nhigher designation to lower designation eg Boss ordered to his worker. Here
\neffect of this type of communication is very much than upward communication. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Upward communication <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
This is from
\nlower designation to higher designation eg worker request to his boss. Here the
\neffect of communication is less than downward communication. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Informal communication<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
We use this
\ntype of communication with our family or friends. There are three types of
\ninformal communication. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00b7
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>lateral <\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00b7
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>diagonal <\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00b7
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>grapevine <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Lateral communication<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
This is
\nfound among members working at the same level eg Peer group. It is most
\neffective form of communication. Barrier of subordinates or boss is not present
\nhere. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Diagonal communication<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/div>\n\n
The path is
\nmixture of vertical and horizontal movement. In large communications various
\ndepartments need communication support from each other. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Grapevine communication. <\/span><\/b>This is also
\ncalled as \u201cbackbiting\u201d or \u201cbackstabbing\u201d. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
A
\nbackstabber is a colleague or an employee who acts like a friend in public but
\nbadmouth you in private. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
There are
\ntwo major forms of verbal communication which include written and oral
\ncommunication.<\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Written
\ncommunication <\/span><\/b>includes
\ntraditional pen and paper letters and documents, typed electronic documents,
\ne-mails, text chats, SMS and anything else conveyed through written symbols, <\/span>hieroglyphics, and drawings etc.<\/span> This type of
\ncommunication is indispensable for formal communications and issuing legal
\ninstructions. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Oral Communication <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
The other
\nform of verbal communication is the spoken word, <\/span>languages
\nand dialects <\/b><\/span>either
\nface-to-face or through phone, voice chat, video conferencing or any other
\nmedium. Various forms of informal communications such as the grapevine or
\ninformal rumour mill, and formal communications such as lectures, conferences
\nare forms of oral communication. Oral communication is use in discussions and
\ninformal conversations. The effectiveness of oral conversations depends on the
\nclarity of speech, voice modulation, pitch, volume, speed, and even non-verbal
\ncommunications such as body language and visual cues. Verbal communication
\nmakes the process of conveying thoughts easier and faster, and it remains the
\nmost successful form of communication. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Advantages
\nof Upward Communication <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n\n
1.
\nIt can enhance employees\u2019 morale and attitude <\/span><\/div>\n\n
2.
\nIt is a very useful tool for planning and motivation <\/span><\/div>\n\n
3.
\nIt is a source of decision-making information. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Disadvantages
\nof Upward Communication <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n\n
1.
\nSubordinates tend to tell their superiors what they (supervisors) like to know
\nor think they want to hear. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
2
\nUpward communication can be achieved through open-door policies; counselling,
\nmeetings, opinion surveys and employee letters. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
3.
\nUpward and downward types of communication are, collectively, called vertical
\ncommunication which is built on the hierarchical authority. It provides the
\nbasic chain of command along which orders and other messages flow. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Nonverbal communication<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
Nonverbal
\ncommunication entails communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages.
\nIt is a type of <\/span>communication
\nthat employs gestures<\/span>, eye contact, or tone of
\nvoice<\/span> <\/span> <\/span>and body language. The term “body
\nlanguage” is sometimes used to denote non-verbal communications. “Body
\nLanguage” is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes,
\nand thoughts through body-movements such as gestures, postures, facial
\nexpressions, touch, smell, walking styles and positions among others. These
\nmovements can be done either consciously or involuntarily; more often they
\n\u2018happen\u2019 subconsciously, and are accompanied, or not accompanied, by words.
\nNon-verbal can go without verbal communication. Verbal can\u2019t go without
\nnon-verbal communication. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Non Verbal: Sound, Smoke Signals, <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
Drums were one way to send signals to neighboring
\ntribes and groups. Different drumming patterns would tell them of concerns
\nand events they needed to know.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Smoke Signals<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n\n
Smoke signals were another way to send messages to
\npeople who were not close enough to use words.<\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Physical nonverbal communication,<\/span><\/b> or body
\nlanguage,<\/b> includes facial expressions, eye contact, body posture, gestures
\nsuch as a wave, pointed finger and the like, overall body movements, tone of
\nvoice, touch, and others. Facial expressions are the most common among all
\nnonverbal communication. For instance, a smile or a frown conveys distinct
\nemotions hard to express through verbal communication. <\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
\n
Paralanguage<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n\n
The way
\nsomething is said, rather than what is actually said, is an important component
\nof nonverbal communication. This includes voice quality, intonation, pitch,
\nstress, emotion, tone, and style of speaking, and communicates approval,
\ninterest or the lack of it.<\/span><\/div>\n\n
Other forms
\nof nonverbal communication usually communicate one\u2019s personality. These
\ninclude:<\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00d8
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Aesthetic communication <\/span><\/b>or
\ncreative expressions such as dancing, painting, and the like. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00d8
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Appearance<\/span><\/b> or the
\nstyle of dressing and grooming, which communicates one\u2019s personality. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00d8
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Space language<\/span><\/b> such as
\npaintings and landscapes communicate social status and taste. <\/span><\/div>\n\n
\u00d8
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Symbols <\/span><\/b>such as
\nreligious, status, or ego-building symbols. <\/span><\/div>\n\n <\/span><\/h3>\n\nV<\/span>isual communication<\/span><\/h3>\n\n
The communication which is done through sight is called visual communication<\/span><\/i><\/strong>.
\nSuch as facial expression, gesture, eye contact, signals, map, chart, poster
\netc. it also includes graphic design, illustration and animation, books, print,
\nmagazines, screen-based media, interactive web design, short film, design for
\nadvertising, promotion, corporate identity and packaging design etc. Visual
\npresentation of information and data is having an increasing impact on our
\npractical life. In spite of having impact on our life, visual communication is
\nnot alone sufficient for exchanging information. For example to indicate
\n\u2018danger\u2019 we use red sign, to indicate \u2018no smoking\u2019; we use an image showing a
\nlighted cigarette with across mark on it etc.<\/span><\/div>\n\n <\/span><\/h3>\n\nAdvantages of visual
\ncommunication<\/span><\/h3>\n\n
Now-a-days, most of the business organizations are using
\nvisual techniques to present the information. It is becoming very popular day
\nby day. Visual presentation is beneficial for many reasons. Some of them are as
\nfollows:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n
1.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Effective for illiterate receiver<\/span><\/strong>:
\nIf the receivers are illiterate, the visual communication will be more
\neffective to exchange information. They can easily understand the information
\nthat is presented visually.<\/span><\/div>\n\n
2.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Helps in oral communication<\/span><\/strong>:
\nVisual techniques can be used with oral
\ncommunication<\/span><\/strong>. Oral communication becomes more meaningful if
\ngraphs, pictures and diagrams are used with it.<\/span><\/div>\n\n
3.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Easy explanation<\/span><\/strong>:
\nEveryone can explain the meaning of it very easily. Easy explanation has made
\nthe visual techniques more popular.<\/span><\/div>\n\n
4.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Simple presentation<\/span><\/strong>:
\nComplex information, data and figures can be easily presented very simply on
\ngraphs, pictures and diagrams.<\/span><\/div>\n\n
5.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Prevents wastage of time<\/span><\/strong>:
\nVisual techniques help to prevent the wastage of time. Written and oral
\ncommunication takes much time to exchange information. But number of receivers
\ncan be communicated at a time through visual methods.<\/span><\/div>\n\n
6.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Helps in quick decision<\/span><\/strong>:
\nVisual communication helps to take quick decision. So management prefers visual
\ntechniques to communicate with others.<\/span><\/div>\n\n <\/span><\/h3>\n\nDisadvantages of
\nvisual communication:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n
There are some limitations of visual communication as
\nfollows:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n1.