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Overview
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Hypertables
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Chunks and time buckets
Hypercore
Continuous aggregates (CAGGs)
Data lifecycle
Search
Glossary
Build
Build
Build with Tiger Data
Get hands on
Data lifecycle
Write and query data
Automate with jobs and policies
Spread data across storage tiers
Use hyperfunctions for analytics
Keep pre-computed aggregations up to date
Optimize storage and query speed
Make queries and schemas faster
Troubleshooting
Migrate
Migrate
Migrate to Tiger Data
Import & migration methods
Integrate
Integrate
Integrations
Find connection details
Type of tool
Industry
Platform
First party/third party
Technology
Troubleshooting
Deploy
Deploy
Deploy Tiger Data
Tiger Cloud on AWS
Tiger Cloud on Azure
Tiger Cloud operations
Self-Hosted
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Limitations
Reference
Reference
API and CLI reference
TimescaleDB
TimescaleDB Toolkit
Tiger Cloud REST API
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K
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0
Get started with Tiger Data
Choose your setup
Compare Tiger Data products
Cloud-exclusive features
Compare TimescaleDB editions
Supported platforms
Tiger Cloud
5-minute quickstart
Create a Tiger Cloud service
Get started with the command line
Integrate Tiger Cloud with your AI assistant
Self-hosted TimescaleDB
Install self-hosted TimescaleDB
Connect your app
News and updates
Overview
Changelog
Release notes
Contribute to docs
1
Overview
What is Tiger Data
Tiger Data architecture for real-time analytics
Tiger Cloud
Tiger Cloud
Cloud-exclusive features
Supported regions
Tiger Cloud essentials
Capabilities and comparison
Understand capabilities
Compare the features in Tiger Data products
Data model
Design your data model
Wide, narrow, and medium tables
Primary keys, time columns, and uniqueness
Schema optimization
Hypertables
Understand hypertables
Create and configure a hypertable
Partition a hypertable
Hypertable indexes
Hypertable operations
Hyperfunctions
Chunks and time buckets
Understand chunks
Size hypertable chunks
Understand time buckets
Use time buckets
Manually drop chunks
Hypercore
Understand hypercore
Compression methods
Continuous aggregates (CAGGs)
Understand continuous aggregates
Time and continuous aggregates
Hierarchical continuous aggregates
Real-time aggregates
Materialized hypertables
Data lifecycle
Understand the data lifecycle
Hypertables and chunks
Time buckets
Continuous aggregates
Hypercore and the columnstore
Tiered storage
Data retention
Search
Key vector concepts for pgvector
Understand pg_textsearch and BM25 search
Understand pgvector and pgvectorscale
Glossary
2
Build with Tiger Data
Get hands on
Quickstarts
Your first hypertable
Basic compression with hypercore
Tutorials
Aggregate organizational data with AI agents
Build hybrid search with BM25 and vectors
Create Tiger Cloud services with Terraform
Guided projects
All guided projects
Simulate an IoT sensor dataset
Analyze financial tick data
Ingest real-time financial data
Analyze transport and geospatial data
Analyze Bitcoin blockchain
Analyze energy consumption
Tiger Data cookbook
Data lifecycle
Your first hypertable
Create a continuous aggregate
Set up hypercore
Basic compression with hypercore
Manage storage and tiering
Create a retention policy
Create and manage custom jobs
Write and query data
Write and query data
Write data
Insert data
Update data
Upsert data
Delete data
Query data
SELECT data
SkipScan for DISTINCT queries
Advanced analytic queries
Query external data sources with FDW
Run queries from Tiger Console
Automate with jobs and policies
About automation
Add a data retention policy
Create and manage custom jobs
Create a custom retention job
Custom job to downsample and compress chunks
Custom job for automatic tablespace management
Spread data across storage tiers
Manage storage and tiering
Query tiered data
Replicas and forks with tiered data
Use hyperfunctions for analytics
Hyperfunctions overview
Counter aggregation
Function pipelines
Gapfilling and interpolation
Gapfilling and interpolation
Time bucket gapfill
Last observation carried forward
Heartbeat aggregation
Hyperloglog
Percentile approximation
Percentile approximation
Approximate percentiles
Advanced aggregation methods
Statistical aggregation
Time-weighted averages
Keep pre-computed aggregations up to date
Create a continuous aggregate
Refresh continuous aggregates
Create an index on a continuous aggregate
Convert continuous aggregates to the columnstore
Drop data from continuous aggregates
Migrate a continuous aggregate to the new form
Optimize storage and query speed
Make queries and schemas faster
Performance optimization
Accelerate queries using indexes
Ensure data integrity with constraints
Alter and update table schemas
Handle semi-structured data with JSON
Enforce constraints with unique indexes
Improve query and upsert performance
Improve hypertable performance
Retrofit chunk intervals
Improve storage performance using tablespaces
Automate tasks with triggers
Troubleshooting
Common issues
Troubleshoot continuous aggregates
Troubleshoot hypertables
Troubleshoot hypercore
Troubleshoot import and ingest
Troubleshoot queries
Troubleshoot schema management
Troubleshoot time buckets
Troubleshoot data retention
Troubleshoot data tiering
Troubleshoot jobs
Troubleshoot hyperfunctions
3
Migrate to Tiger Data
Import & migration methods
Sync from Postgres
Sync from S3
Stream from Kafka
Upload a file (Console)
Upload a file (terminal)
Live migration
Migrate with downtime
Dual-write and backfill
Dual-write and backfill
From TimescaleDB
From PostgreSQL
From other databases
timescaledb-backfill tool
FAQ and troubleshooting
4
Integrations
Find connection details
Type of tool
Data engineering & ETL
Overview
Amazon SageMaker
Apache Airflow
Apache Kafka
AWS Lambda
Debezium
Decodable
Supabase
Data ingestion & streaming
Overview
Fivetran
Ignition
BI & visualization
Overview
Power BI
Tableau
Connectors
Overview
destination
source
Apache Kafka
Postgres
Amazon S3
Code & libraries
Overview
Start coding with Tiger Data
Query & administration
Overview
Azure Data Studio
DBeaver
pgAdmin
PostgreSQL
psql
qStudio
Secure connectivity
Overview
Amazon Web Services
Corporate data center
Google Cloud
Microsoft Azure
Observability & alerting
Overview
Amazon CloudWatch
Azure Monitor
Datadog
Grafana
Prometheus
Telegraf
Exported metrics
Configuration & deployment
Overview
Kubernetes
Terraform
Industry
Oil and gas
IoT
Energy
Crypto
Healthcare
Manufacturing
Platform
Tiger Cloud on AWS
Tiger Cloud on Azure
Self-Hosted
First party/third party
First party
Third party
Technology
PostgreSQL
Python
SQL
Kafka
AWS
Azure
GCP
Terraform
Kubernetes
Grafana
Prometheus
REST API
Troubleshooting
5
Deploy Tiger Data
Tiger Cloud on AWS
Configuration
About configuration
Configure database parameters
Advanced parameters
Service management
About Tiger Cloud services
Tiger Console overview
Service explorer
Service management
Manually change compute resources
Connection pooling
Fork services
High availability
Overview
Manage high availability
Read scaling
Back up and recover services
Monitor your services
Security
Overview
Client credentials
IP allow list
Control user access to projects
Multi-factor authentication
Manage data security in your service
SAML authentication
Connect with a stricter SSL mode
VPC Peering and AWS PrivateLink
AWS Transit Gateway
Extensions
PostgreSQL extensions
Optimize full text search with BM25
Encrypt data using pgcrypto
Create a chatbot using pgvector
Analyse geospatial data with PostGIS
Maintenance and upgrades
Billing and account management
Tiger Cloud on Azure
Configuration
About configuration
Configure database parameters
Advanced parameters
Service management
About Tiger Cloud services
Tiger Console overview
Service explorer
Service management
Manually change compute resources
Connection pooling
Fork services
High availability
Overview
Manage high availability
Read scaling
Back up and recover services
Monitor your services
Security
Overview
Client credentials
IP allow list
Control user access to projects
Multi-factor authentication
Manage data security in your service
SAML authentication
Connect with a stricter SSL mode
Azure Private Link
Extensions
PostgreSQL extensions
Optimize full text search with BM25
Encrypt data using pgcrypto
Create a chatbot using pgvector
Analyse geospatial data with PostGIS
Maintenance and upgrades
Billing and account management
Tiger Cloud operations
Troubleshoot
Vectorizer and LLM calls migration guide
Self-Hosted
Self-hosted TimescaleDB
Configuration
Configuration guide
About configuration
Using timescaledb-tune
Manual PostgreSQL configuration
TimescaleDB configuration
Docker configuration
Telemetry
Backup and restore
Backup and restore
Logical backup
Physical backups
Migrate to self-hosted TimescaleDB
Migration guide
Migrate entire database
Migrate schema then data
Migrate tables from the same database
Migrate data from InfluxDB
Manage storage using tablespaces
Replication and high availability
Replication and HA
About high availability
Configure replication
Additional tooling
Available tools
TimescaleDB Tune
Install and update TimescaleDB Toolkit
Upgrade self-hosted TimescaleDB
Upgrade guide
Upgrade to a minor version
Upgrade to a major version
Upgrade TimescaleDB in Docker
Upgrade PostgreSQL
Downgrade to a minor version
Uninstall self-hosted TimescaleDB
Troubleshooting
Managed service (MST)
Managed Service for TimescaleDB
Create an MST service
About MST
Ingest data
User management
Billing
Connection pools
Viewing service logs
VPC peering
VPC peering
Configure VPC peering
VPC peering on AWS
VPC peering on GCP
VPC peering on Azure
AWS Transit Gateway
Integrations
MST integrations
Google Data Studio
Grafana
Logging
Datadog
Prometheus
Supported extensions
Postgres dblink extension
Security
PostgreSQL read replica
Maintenance
Failover
Backups
Aiven client
Migrate to MST
REST API
Index issues
Troubleshooting
Limitations
6
API and CLI reference
TimescaleDB
TimescaleDB reference
Hypertables and chunks
Overview
Table creation
CREATE TABLE
create_hypertable()
CREATE INDEX (Transaction Per Chunk)
create_hypertable() (old interface)
Chunk management
create_chunk()
show_chunks()
drop_chunk()
drop_chunks()
move_chunk()
reorder_chunk()
merge_chunks()
merge_chunks_concurrently()
split_chunk()
chunk_rewrite_cleanup()
attach_chunk()
detach_chunk()
set_chunk_time_interval()
set_integer_now_func()
add_dimension()
add_dimension() (deprecated)
Size and statistics
hypertable_size()
hypertable_detailed_size()
hypertable_index_size()
hypertable_approximate_size()
hypertable_approximate_detailed_size()
chunks_detailed_size()
Tablespace management
attach_tablespace()
detach_tablespace()
detach_tablespaces()
show_tablespaces()
Reordering and policies
add_reorder_policy()
remove_reorder_policy()
Query optimization
enable_chunk_skipping()
disable_chunk_skipping()
Hypercore
Overview
Policies
add_columnstore_policy()
remove_columnstore_policy()
Manual conversion
ALTER TABLE (hypercore)
convert_to_columnstore()
convert_to_rowstore()
Statistics and information
chunk_columnstore_stats()
hypertable_columnstore_stats()
chunk_columnstore_settings
hypertable_columnstore_settings
Continuous aggregates
Overview
Create and modify CAGGs
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
cagg_migrate()
refresh_continuous_aggregate()
Manage policies
add_continuous_aggregate_policy()
remove_continuous_aggregate_policy()
Experimental policy management
add_policies()
alter_policies()
remove_policies()
remove_all_policies()
show_policies()
Hyperfunctions
Overview
Time series utilities
days_in_month()
first()
last()
month_normalize()
time_bucket()
to_epoch()
Distribution analysis
approximate_row_count()
histogram()
Gapfilling
interpolate()
locf()
time_bucket_gapfill()
Data retention
Overview
add_retention_policy()
remove_retention_policy()
Jobs and automation
Overview
add_job()
alter_job()
delete_job()
run_job()
UUIDv7 functions
Overview
generate_uuidv7()
to_uuidv7()
to_uuidv7_boundary()
uuid_timestamp()
uuid_timestamp_micros()
uuid_version()
Informational views
Overview
Hypertable and chunk information
timescaledb_information.chunks
timescaledb_information.dimensions
timescaledb_information.hypertables
timescaledb_information.continuous_aggregates
Columnstore information
chunk_columnstore_settings
hypertable_columnstore_settings
Jobs and policies
timescaledb_information.job_errors
timescaledb_information.job_history
timescaledb_information.job_stats
timescaledb_information.jobs
timescaledb_experimental.policies
Configuration
Overview
GUC parameters
Configuration parameters
Administration
Overview
get_telemetry_report()
timescaledb_post_restore()
timescaledb_pre_restore()
API reference tag overview
TimescaleDB Toolkit
Toolkit reference
Approximate count distinct
approx_count_distinct()
distinct_count()
hyperloglog()
rollup()
stderror()
Statistical and regression analysis
Overview
One variable
average()
kurtosis()
num_vals()
rolling()
rollup()
skewness()
stats_agg() (one variable)
stddev()
sum()
variance()
Two variables
average_y() | average_x()
corr()
covariance()
determination_coeff()
intercept()
kurtosis_y() | kurtosis_x()
num_vals()
rolling()
rollup()
skewness_y() | skewness_x()
slope()
stats_agg() (two variables)
stddev_y() | stddev_x()
sum_y() | sum_x()
variance_y() | variance_x()
x_intercept()
Minimum and maximum
Overview
Minimum values
into_array()
into_values()
min_n()
rollup()
Maximum values
into_array()
into_values()
max_n()
rollup()
Minimum values by
into_values()
min_n_by()
rollup()
Maximum values by
into_values()
max_n_by()
rollup()
Financial analysis
candlestick()
candlestick_agg()
close()
close_time()
high()
high_time()
low()
low_time()
open()
open_time()
rollup()
volume()
vwap()
Percentile approximation
Overview
UddSketch
approx_percentile()
approx_percentile_array()
approx_percentile_rank()
error()
mean()
num_vals()
percentile_agg()
rollup()
uddsketch()
t-digest
approx_percentile()
approx_percentile_rank()
max_val()
mean()
min_val()
num_vals()
rollup()
tdigest()
Counters and gauges
Overview
Counter aggregation
corr()
counter_agg()
counter_zero_time()
delta()
extrapolated_delta()
extrapolated_rate()
first_time()
first_val()
idelta_left()
idelta_right()
intercept()
interpolated_delta()
interpolated_rate()
irate_left()
irate_right()
last_time()
last_val()
num_changes()
num_elements()
num_resets()
rate()
rollup()
slope()
time_delta()
with_bounds()
Gauge aggregation
corr()
delta()
extrapolated_delta()
extrapolated_rate()
gauge_agg()
gauge_zero_time()
idelta_left()
idelta_right()
intercept()
interpolated_delta()
interpolated_rate()
irate_left()
irate_right()
num_changes()
num_elements()
rate()
rollup()
slope()
time_delta()
with_bounds()
Time-weighted calculations
average()
first_time()
first_val()
integral()
interpolated_average()
interpolated_integral()
last_time()
last_val()
rollup()
time_weight()
Downsampling
asap_smooth()
gp_lttb()
lttb()
Timevector
rollup()
timevector()
unnest()
Frequency analysis
Overview
Frequency aggregation
freq_agg()
into_values()
max_frequency()
mcv_agg()
min_frequency()
rollup()
topn()
Count-min sketch
approx_count()
count_min_sketch()
State tracking
Overview
Compact state aggregation
compact_state_agg()
duration_in()
interpolated_duration_in()
into_values()
rollup()
State aggregation
duration_in()
interpolated_duration_in()
interpolated_state_periods()
interpolated_state_timeline()
into_values()
rollup()
state_agg()
state_at()
state_periods()
state_timeline()
Heartbeat aggregation
dead_ranges()
downtime()
heartbeat_agg()
interpolate()
interpolated_downtime()
interpolated_uptime()
live_at()
live_ranges()
num_gaps()
num_live_ranges()
rollup()
trim_to()
uptime()
Saturating math
saturating_add()
saturating_add_pos()
saturating_mul()
saturating_sub()
saturating_sub_pos()
Tiger Cloud REST API
Overview
Auth
Projects
Vpcs
List
Create
Retrieve
Delete
Rename
Peerings
List
Create
Retrieve
Delete
Services
List
Create
Retrieve
Delete
Start
Stop
Attach To Vpc
Detach From Vpc
Resize
Enable Pooler
Disable Pooler
Fork Service
Update Password
Set Environment
Set Ha
Replica Sets
Retrieve Replica Sets
Replica Sets
Delete
Resize
Enable Pooler
Disable Pooler
Set Environment
Auto
Light
Dark
Get started
Get started
Learn
Build
Migrate
Integrate
Deploy
Reference
Get started
0
Get started with Tiger Data
Choose your setup
Compare Tiger Data products
Cloud-exclusive features
Compare TimescaleDB editions
Supported platforms
Tiger Cloud
5-minute quickstart
Create a Tiger Cloud service
Get started with the command line
Integrate Tiger Cloud with your AI assistant
Self-hosted TimescaleDB
Install self-hosted TimescaleDB
Connect your app
News and updates
Overview
Changelog
Release notes
Contribute to docs
1
Overview
What is Tiger Data
Tiger Data architecture for real-time analytics
Tiger Cloud
Tiger Cloud
Cloud-exclusive features
Supported regions
Tiger Cloud essentials
Capabilities and comparison
Understand capabilities
Compare the features in Tiger Data products
Data model
Design your data model
Wide, narrow, and medium tables
Primary keys, time columns, and uniqueness
Schema optimization
Hypertables
Understand hypertables
Create and configure a hypertable
Partition a hypertable
Hypertable indexes
Hypertable operations
Hyperfunctions
Chunks and time buckets
Understand chunks
Size hypertable chunks
Understand time buckets
Use time buckets
Manually drop chunks
Hypercore
Understand hypercore
Compression methods
Continuous aggregates (CAGGs)
Understand continuous aggregates
Time and continuous aggregates
Hierarchical continuous aggregates
Real-time aggregates
Materialized hypertables
Data lifecycle
Understand the data lifecycle
Hypertables and chunks
Time buckets
Continuous aggregates
Hypercore and the columnstore
Tiered storage
Data retention
Search
Key vector concepts for pgvector
Understand pg_textsearch and BM25 search
Understand pgvector and pgvectorscale
Glossary
2
Build with Tiger Data
Get hands on
Quickstarts
Your first hypertable
Basic compression with hypercore
Tutorials
Aggregate organizational data with AI agents
Build hybrid search with BM25 and vectors
Create Tiger Cloud services with Terraform
Guided projects
All guided projects
Simulate an IoT sensor dataset
Analyze financial tick data
Ingest real-time financial data
Analyze transport and geospatial data
Analyze Bitcoin blockchain
Analyze energy consumption
Tiger Data cookbook
Data lifecycle
Your first hypertable
Create a continuous aggregate
Set up hypercore
Basic compression with hypercore
Manage storage and tiering
Create a retention policy
Create and manage custom jobs
Write and query data
Write and query data
Write data
Insert data
Update data
Upsert data
Delete data
Query data
SELECT data
SkipScan for DISTINCT queries
Advanced analytic queries
Query external data sources with FDW
Run queries from Tiger Console
Automate with jobs and policies
About automation
Add a data retention policy
Create and manage custom jobs
Create a custom retention job
Custom job to downsample and compress chunks
Custom job for automatic tablespace management
Spread data across storage tiers
Manage storage and tiering
Query tiered data
Replicas and forks with tiered data
Use hyperfunctions for analytics
Hyperfunctions overview
Counter aggregation
Function pipelines
Gapfilling and interpolation
Gapfilling and interpolation
Time bucket gapfill
Last observation carried forward
Heartbeat aggregation
Hyperloglog
Percentile approximation
Percentile approximation
Approximate percentiles
Advanced aggregation methods
Statistical aggregation
Time-weighted averages
Keep pre-computed aggregations up to date
Create a continuous aggregate
Refresh continuous aggregates
Create an index on a continuous aggregate
Convert continuous aggregates to the columnstore
Drop data from continuous aggregates
Migrate a continuous aggregate to the new form
Optimize storage and query speed
Make queries and schemas faster
Performance optimization
Accelerate queries using indexes
Ensure data integrity with constraints
Alter and update table schemas
Handle semi-structured data with JSON
Enforce constraints with unique indexes
Improve query and upsert performance
Improve hypertable performance
Retrofit chunk intervals
Improve storage performance using tablespaces
Automate tasks with triggers
Troubleshooting
Common issues
Troubleshoot continuous aggregates
Troubleshoot hypertables
Troubleshoot hypercore
Troubleshoot import and ingest
Troubleshoot queries
Troubleshoot schema management
Troubleshoot time buckets
Troubleshoot data retention
Troubleshoot data tiering
Troubleshoot jobs
Troubleshoot hyperfunctions
3
Migrate to Tiger Data
Import & migration methods
Sync from Postgres
Sync from S3
Stream from Kafka
Upload a file (Console)
Upload a file (terminal)
Live migration
Migrate with downtime
Dual-write and backfill
Dual-write and backfill
From TimescaleDB
From PostgreSQL
From other databases
timescaledb-backfill tool
FAQ and troubleshooting
4
Integrations
Find connection details
Type of tool
Data engineering & ETL
Overview
Amazon SageMaker
Apache Airflow
Apache Kafka
AWS Lambda
Debezium
Decodable
Supabase
Data ingestion & streaming
Overview
Fivetran
Ignition
BI & visualization
Overview
Power BI
Tableau
Connectors
Overview
destination
source
Apache Kafka
Postgres
Amazon S3
Code & libraries
Overview
Start coding with Tiger Data
Query & administration
Overview
Azure Data Studio
DBeaver
pgAdmin
PostgreSQL
psql
qStudio
Secure connectivity
Overview
Amazon Web Services
Corporate data center
Google Cloud
Microsoft Azure
Observability & alerting
Overview
Amazon CloudWatch
Azure Monitor
Datadog
Grafana
Prometheus
Telegraf
Exported metrics
Configuration & deployment
Overview
Kubernetes
Terraform
Industry
Oil and gas
IoT
Energy
Crypto
Healthcare
Manufacturing
Platform
Tiger Cloud on AWS
Tiger Cloud on Azure
Self-Hosted
First party/third party
First party
Third party
Technology
PostgreSQL
Python
SQL
Kafka
AWS
Azure
GCP
Terraform
Kubernetes
Grafana
Prometheus
REST API
Troubleshooting
5
Deploy Tiger Data
Tiger Cloud on AWS
Configuration
About configuration
Configure database parameters
Advanced parameters
Service management
About Tiger Cloud services
Tiger Console overview
Service explorer
Service management
Manually change compute resources
Connection pooling
Fork services
High availability
Overview
Manage high availability
Read scaling
Back up and recover services
Monitor your services
Security
Overview
Client credentials
IP allow list
Control user access to projects
Multi-factor authentication
Manage data security in your service
SAML authentication
Connect with a stricter SSL mode
VPC Peering and AWS PrivateLink
AWS Transit Gateway
Extensions
PostgreSQL extensions
Optimize full text search with BM25
Encrypt data using pgcrypto
Create a chatbot using pgvector
Analyse geospatial data with PostGIS
Maintenance and upgrades
Billing and account management
Tiger Cloud on Azure
Configuration
About configuration
Configure database parameters
Advanced parameters
Service management
About Tiger Cloud services
Tiger Console overview
Service explorer
Service management
Manually change compute resources
Connection pooling
Fork services
High availability
Overview
Manage high availability
Read scaling
Back up and recover services
Monitor your services
Security
Overview
Client credentials
IP allow list
Control user access to projects
Multi-factor authentication
Manage data security in your service
SAML authentication
Connect with a stricter SSL mode
Azure Private Link
Extensions
PostgreSQL extensions
Optimize full text search with BM25
Encrypt data using pgcrypto
Create a chatbot using pgvector
Analyse geospatial data with PostGIS
Maintenance and upgrades
Billing and account management
Tiger Cloud operations
Troubleshoot
Vectorizer and LLM calls migration guide
Self-Hosted
Self-hosted TimescaleDB
Configuration
Configuration guide
About configuration
Using timescaledb-tune
Manual PostgreSQL configuration
TimescaleDB configuration
Docker configuration
Telemetry
Backup and restore
Backup and restore
Logical backup
Physical backups
Migrate to self-hosted TimescaleDB
Migration guide
Migrate entire database
Migrate schema then data
Migrate tables from the same database
Migrate data from InfluxDB
Manage storage using tablespaces
Replication and high availability
Replication and HA
About high availability
Configure replication
Additional tooling
Available tools
TimescaleDB Tune
Install and update TimescaleDB Toolkit
Upgrade self-hosted TimescaleDB
Upgrade guide
Upgrade to a minor version
Upgrade to a major version
Upgrade TimescaleDB in Docker
Upgrade PostgreSQL
Downgrade to a minor version
Uninstall self-hosted TimescaleDB
Troubleshooting
Managed service (MST)
Managed Service for TimescaleDB
Create an MST service
About MST
Ingest data
User management
Billing
Connection pools
Viewing service logs
VPC peering
VPC peering
Configure VPC peering
VPC peering on AWS
VPC peering on GCP
VPC peering on Azure
AWS Transit Gateway
Integrations
MST integrations
Google Data Studio
Grafana
Logging
Datadog
Prometheus
Supported extensions
Postgres dblink extension
Security
PostgreSQL read replica
Maintenance
Failover
Backups
Aiven client
Migrate to MST
REST API
Index issues
Troubleshooting
Limitations
6
API and CLI reference
TimescaleDB
TimescaleDB reference
Hypertables and chunks
Overview
Table creation
CREATE TABLE
create_hypertable()
CREATE INDEX (Transaction Per Chunk)
create_hypertable() (old interface)
Chunk management
create_chunk()
show_chunks()
drop_chunk()
drop_chunks()
move_chunk()
reorder_chunk()
merge_chunks()
merge_chunks_concurrently()
split_chunk()
chunk_rewrite_cleanup()
attach_chunk()
detach_chunk()
set_chunk_time_interval()
set_integer_now_func()
add_dimension()
add_dimension() (deprecated)
Size and statistics
hypertable_size()
hypertable_detailed_size()
hypertable_index_size()
hypertable_approximate_size()
hypertable_approximate_detailed_size()
chunks_detailed_size()
Tablespace management
attach_tablespace()
detach_tablespace()
detach_tablespaces()
show_tablespaces()
Reordering and policies
add_reorder_policy()
remove_reorder_policy()
Query optimization
enable_chunk_skipping()
disable_chunk_skipping()
Hypercore
Overview
Policies
add_columnstore_policy()
remove_columnstore_policy()
Manual conversion
ALTER TABLE (hypercore)
convert_to_columnstore()
convert_to_rowstore()
Statistics and information
chunk_columnstore_stats()
hypertable_columnstore_stats()
chunk_columnstore_settings
hypertable_columnstore_settings
Continuous aggregates
Overview
Create and modify CAGGs
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
cagg_migrate()
refresh_continuous_aggregate()
Manage policies
add_continuous_aggregate_policy()
remove_continuous_aggregate_policy()
Experimental policy management
add_policies()
alter_policies()
remove_policies()
remove_all_policies()
show_policies()
Hyperfunctions
Overview
Time series utilities
days_in_month()
first()
last()
month_normalize()
time_bucket()
to_epoch()
Distribution analysis
approximate_row_count()
histogram()
Gapfilling
interpolate()
locf()
time_bucket_gapfill()
Data retention
Overview
add_retention_policy()
remove_retention_policy()
Jobs and automation
Overview
add_job()
alter_job()
delete_job()
run_job()
UUIDv7 functions
Overview
generate_uuidv7()
to_uuidv7()
to_uuidv7_boundary()
uuid_timestamp()
uuid_timestamp_micros()
uuid_version()
Informational views
Overview
Hypertable and chunk information
timescaledb_information.chunks
timescaledb_information.dimensions
timescaledb_information.hypertables
timescaledb_information.continuous_aggregates
Columnstore information
chunk_columnstore_settings
hypertable_columnstore_settings
Jobs and policies
timescaledb_information.job_errors
timescaledb_information.job_history
timescaledb_information.job_stats
timescaledb_information.jobs
timescaledb_experimental.policies
Configuration
Overview
GUC parameters
Configuration parameters
Administration
Overview
get_telemetry_report()
timescaledb_post_restore()
timescaledb_pre_restore()
API reference tag overview
TimescaleDB Toolkit
Toolkit reference
Approximate count distinct
approx_count_distinct()
distinct_count()
hyperloglog()
rollup()
stderror()
Statistical and regression analysis
Overview
One variable
average()
kurtosis()
num_vals()
rolling()
rollup()
skewness()
stats_agg() (one variable)
stddev()
sum()
variance()
Two variables
average_y() | average_x()
corr()
covariance()
determination_coeff()
intercept()
kurtosis_y() | kurtosis_x()
num_vals()
rolling()
rollup()
skewness_y() | skewness_x()
slope()
stats_agg() (two variables)
stddev_y() | stddev_x()
sum_y() | sum_x()
variance_y() | variance_x()
x_intercept()
Minimum and maximum
Overview
Minimum values
into_array()
into_values()
min_n()
rollup()
Maximum values
into_array()
into_values()
max_n()
rollup()
Minimum values by
into_values()
min_n_by()
rollup()
Maximum values by
into_values()
max_n_by()
rollup()
Financial analysis
candlestick()
candlestick_agg()
close()
close_time()
high()
high_time()
low()
low_time()
open()
open_time()
rollup()
volume()
vwap()
Percentile approximation
Overview
UddSketch
approx_percentile()
approx_percentile_array()
approx_percentile_rank()
error()
mean()
num_vals()
percentile_agg()
rollup()
uddsketch()
t-digest
approx_percentile()
approx_percentile_rank()
max_val()
mean()
min_val()
num_vals()
rollup()
tdigest()
Counters and gauges
Overview
Counter aggregation
corr()
counter_agg()
counter_zero_time()
delta()
extrapolated_delta()
extrapolated_rate()
first_time()
first_val()
idelta_left()
idelta_right()
intercept()
interpolated_delta()
interpolated_rate()
irate_left()
irate_right()
last_time()
last_val()
num_changes()
num_elements()
num_resets()
rate()
rollup()
slope()
time_delta()
with_bounds()
Gauge aggregation
corr()
delta()
extrapolated_delta()
extrapolated_rate()
gauge_agg()
gauge_zero_time()
idelta_left()
idelta_right()
intercept()
interpolated_delta()
interpolated_rate()
irate_left()
irate_right()
num_changes()
num_elements()
rate()
rollup()
slope()
time_delta()
with_bounds()
Time-weighted calculations
average()
first_time()
first_val()
integral()
interpolated_average()
interpolated_integral()
last_time()
last_val()
rollup()
time_weight()
Downsampling
asap_smooth()
gp_lttb()
lttb()
Timevector
rollup()
timevector()
unnest()
Frequency analysis
Overview
Frequency aggregation
freq_agg()
into_values()
max_frequency()
mcv_agg()
min_frequency()
rollup()
topn()
Count-min sketch
approx_count()
count_min_sketch()
State tracking
Overview
Compact state aggregation
compact_state_agg()
duration_in()
interpolated_duration_in()
into_values()
rollup()
State aggregation
duration_in()
interpolated_duration_in()
interpolated_state_periods()
interpolated_state_timeline()
into_values()
rollup()
state_agg()
state_at()
state_periods()
state_timeline()
Heartbeat aggregation
dead_ranges()
downtime()
heartbeat_agg()
interpolate()
interpolated_downtime()
interpolated_uptime()
live_at()
live_ranges()
num_gaps()
num_live_ranges()
rollup()
trim_to()
uptime()
Saturating math
saturating_add()
saturating_add_pos()
saturating_mul()
saturating_sub()
saturating_sub_pos()
Tiger Cloud REST API
Overview
Auth
Projects
Vpcs
List
Create
Retrieve
Delete
Rename
Peerings
List
Create
Retrieve
Delete
Services
List
Create
Retrieve
Delete
Start
Stop
Attach To Vpc
Detach From Vpc
Resize
Enable Pooler
Disable Pooler
Fork Service
Update Password
Set Environment
Set Ha
Replica Sets
Retrieve Replica Sets
Replica Sets
Delete
Resize
Enable Pooler
Disable Pooler
Set Environment
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