{"id":271910,"date":"2024-05-16T13:04:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T05:04:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/271910.html"},"modified":"2024-05-16T13:04:42","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T05:04:42","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%88%e7%90%86%e5%9c%b0%e8%a7%84%e5%88%92-python-%e7%9a%84%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/271910.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u7406\u5730\u89c4\u5212 Python \u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u7406\u5730\u89c4\u5212<\/p>\n

\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212Python\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9075\u5faaPython\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u8ff0\u6587\u6863\u8bf4\u660e\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e.gitignore\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u903b\u8f91\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2amodels<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\uff0ccontrollers<\/code>\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4ee3\u7801\uff0cviews<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6587\u6863\u3001\u811a\u672c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3asrc<\/code>\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u540c\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6240\u6709Python\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u4e3amyproject<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fmyproject\/myproject<\/code>\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2amyproject<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3atests<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5408\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff08TDD\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u9075\u5faaPython\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u9075\u5faaPEP 8\u7f16\u7801\u98ce\u683c<\/strong>\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d\u3001\u7f29\u8fdb\u3001\u884c\u957f\u7b49\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPEP 20\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684Zen of Python<\/strong>\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2asetup.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0crequirements.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u8ff0\u6587\u6863\u8bf4\u660e\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aREADME.md<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u6307\u5f15\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u6982\u8ff0\u548c\u6587\u6863<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u5357\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u95e8\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e.gitignore\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ea7\u7269\u6216IDE\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fdb\u5165\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b.gitignore<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5ffd\u7565\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728.gitignore<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565.pyc<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u3001__pycache__<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u548c.idea<\/code>\u6216.vscode<\/code>\u7b49IDE\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5b89\u88c5\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e93\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6Python\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5bfc\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528python -m venv venv<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528source venv\/bin\/activate<\/code>\uff08Linux\/macOS\uff09\u6216venv\\Scripts\\activate<\/code>\uff08Windows\uff09\u6765\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5728tests<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684unittest<\/code>\u6846\u67b6\u6216pytest<\/code>\u7b49\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212Python\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u793e\u533a\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u9879\u76ee\u957f\u671f\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212Python\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212Python\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u89c4\u5212Python\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5305\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5305\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5728Python\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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