{"id":1037826,"date":"2024-12-31T12:18:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T04:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1037826.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T12:18:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T04:18:29","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e7%9c%9f%e6%ad%a3%e6%84%8f%e4%b9%89%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1037826.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\"<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5229\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8eGIL\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0cPython\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548cGIL\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Python\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def print_numbers():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        print(i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
def print_letters():<\/p>\n
    for char in 'abcdefghij':<\/p>\n
        print(char)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/p>\n
    thread1 = threading.Thread(target=print_numbers)<\/p>\n
    thread2 = threading.Thread(target=print_letters)<\/p>\n
    thread1.start()<\/p>\n
    thread2.start()<\/p>\n
    thread1.join()<\/p>\n
    thread2.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884cprint_numbers<\/code>\u548cprint_letters<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u6253\u5370\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aGIL\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
GIL\u662fPython\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884cPython\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5728I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670dGIL\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548cGIL\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import multiprocessing<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def print_numbers():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        print(i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
def print_letters():<\/p>\n
    for char in 'abcdefghij':<\/p>\n
        print(char)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    process1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=print_numbers)<\/p>\n
    process2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=print_letters)<\/p>\n
    process1.start()<\/p>\n
    process2.start()<\/p>\n
    process1.join()<\/p>\n
    process2.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884cprint_numbers<\/code>\u548cprint_letters<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u6253\u5370\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548cGIL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002concurrent.futures<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>\u548cProcessPoolExecutor<\/code>\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ThreadPoolExecutor<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def print_numbers():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        print(i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
def print_letters():<\/p>\n
    for char in 'abcdefghij':<\/p>\n
        print(char)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor:<\/p>\n
        executor.submit(print_numbers)<\/p>\n
        executor.submit(print_letters)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ProcessPoolExecutor<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def print_numbers():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        print(i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
def print_letters():<\/p>\n
    for char in 'abcdefghij':<\/p>\n
        print(char)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor:<\/p>\n
        executor.submit(print_numbers)<\/p>\n
        executor.submit(print_letters)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python\u7684multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cdIPC\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ba1\u9053\uff08Pipe\uff09\u548c\u961f\u5217\uff08Queue\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Queue\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue<\/p>\n
def producer(queue):<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        queue.put(i)<\/p>\n
        print(f'Produced {i}')<\/p>\n
def consumer(queue):<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        item = queue.get()<\/p>\n
        if item is None:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
        print(f'Consumed {item}')<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
    process1 = Process(target=producer, args=(queue,))<\/p>\n
    process2 = Process(target=consumer, args=(queue,))<\/p>\n
    process1.start()<\/p>\n
    process2.start()<\/p>\n
    process1.join()<\/p>\n
    queue.put(None)  # Signal the consumer to exit<\/p>\n
    process2.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\uff08Value\u548cArray\uff09\u548cManager\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Value\u548cArray\u8fdb\u884c\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Value, Array<\/p>\n
def increment_value(shared_value):<\/p>\n
    for _ in range(10):<\/p>\n
        with shared_value.get_lock():<\/p>\n
            shared_value.value += 1<\/p>\n
def increment_array(shared_array):<\/p>\n
    for _ in range(10):<\/p>\n
        with shared_array.get_lock():<\/p>\n
            for i in range(len(shared_array)):<\/p>\n
                shared_array[i] += 1<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    shared_value = Value('i', 0)<\/p>\n
    shared_array = Array('i', [0, 0, 0])<\/p>\n
    process1 = Process(target=increment_value, args=(shared_value,))<\/p>\n
    process2 = Process(target=increment_array, args=(shared_array,))<\/p>\n
    process1.start()<\/p>\n
    process2.start()<\/p>\n
    process1.join()<\/p>\n
    process2.join()<\/p>\n
    print(shared_value.value)<\/p>\n
    print(shared_array[:])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cshared_value<\/code>\u548cshared_array<\/code>\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Manager\u8fdb\u884c\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing.Manager<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Manager<\/p>\n
def append_to_list(shared_list):<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        shared_list.append(i)<\/p>\n
def update_dict(shared_dict):<\/p>\n
    for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
        shared_dict[i] = i<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    with Manager() as manager:<\/p>\n
        shared_list = manager.list()<\/p>\n
        shared_dict = manager.dict()<\/p>\n
        process1 = Process(target=append_to_list, args=(shared_list,))<\/p>\n
        process2 = Process(target=update_dict, args=(shared_dict,))<\/p>\n
        process1.start()<\/p>\n
        process2.start()<\/p>\n
        process1.join()<\/p>\n
        process2.join()<\/p>\n
        print(shared_list)<\/p>\n
        print(shared_dict)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cManager<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5229\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9650\u5236\uff1f<\/strong>
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\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1f<\/strong>
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