Documentation Index
Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.openalex.org/llms.txt
Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
Works are scholarly documents like journal articles, books, datasets, and theses. OpenAlex indexes hundreds of millions of works.
Filter, sort, and group_by fields
The API supports filtering, sorting, and grouping on works fields. See Filtering, Sorting, and Grouping for syntax.
Fields marked (deprecated) are .search filters — use the search parameter instead.
Top-level
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
authors_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_open_version | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
cited_by | | | ✓ |
cited_by_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
cites | | | ✓ |
concepts_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
corresponding_author_ids | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
corresponding_institution_ids | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
countries_distinct_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
created_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
datasets | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
display_name | ✓ | | ✓ |
doi | ✓ | | ✓ |
doi_starts_with | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
from_created_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
from_publication_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
fulltext_origin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
fwci | ✓ | | ✓ |
has_abstract | | ✓ | ✓ |
has_doi | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_embeddings | | | ✓ |
has_fulltext | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_oa_accepted_or_published_version | | ✓ | ✓ |
has_oa_submitted_version | | ✓ | ✓ |
has_old_authors | | ✓ | ✓ |
has_orcid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_pdf_url | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_pmcid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_pmid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_raw_affiliation_strings | | ✓ | ✓ |
has_references | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
indexed_in | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institutions_distinct_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
is_corresponding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
is_oa | | ✓ | ✓ |
is_paratext | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
is_retracted | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
is_xpac | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
journal | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
language | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
mag | ✓ | | ✓ |
mag_only | | ✓ | ✓ |
oa_status | | ✓ | ✓ |
openalex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
openalex_id | | ✓ | ✓ |
pmcid | ✓ | | ✓ |
pmid | ✓ | | ✓ |
publication_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
publication_year | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
raw_affiliation_strings | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
referenced_works | ✓ | | ✓ |
referenced_works_count | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
related_to | | | ✓ |
repository | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
to_created_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
to_publication_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
to_updated_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
topics_count | | | ✓ |
type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
type_crossref | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
updated_date | ✓ | | ✓ |
version | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Abstract
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
abstract.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
abstract.search.no_stem (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Apc List
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
apc_list.currency | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
apc_list.provenance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
apc_list.value | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
apc_list.value_usd | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Apc Paid
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
apc_paid.currency | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
apc_paid.provenance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
apc_paid.value | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
apc_paid.value_usd | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Author
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
author.id | | ✓ | ✓ |
author.orcid | | ✓ | ✓ |
Authorships
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
authorships.affiliations.institution_ids | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.author.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.author.orcid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.countries | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.continent | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.country_code | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.is_global_south | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.ror | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.institutions.type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
authorships.is_corresponding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Awards
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
awards.doi | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
awards.funder_award_id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
awards.funder_display_name | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
awards.funder_id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
awards.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Best Oa Location
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
best_oa_location.is_accepted | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.is_published | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.landing_page_url | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.license | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.license_id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.raw_type | | | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.host_organization | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.issn | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.source.type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
best_oa_location.version | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Biblio
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
biblio.first_page | ✓ | | ✓ |
biblio.issue | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
biblio.last_page | ✓ | | ✓ |
biblio.volume | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Citation Normalized Percentile
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
citation_normalized_percentile.value | ✓ | | ✓ |
Cited By Percentile Year
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
cited_by_percentile_year.max | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
cited_by_percentile_year.min | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Concept
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
concept.id | | ✓ | ✓ |
Concepts
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
concepts.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
concepts.wikidata | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Default
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
default.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Display Name
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
display_name.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
display_name.search.no_stem (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Fulltext
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
fulltext.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Funders
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
funders.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Has Content
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
has_content.grobid_xml | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
has_content.pdf | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Ids
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
ids.mag | ✓ | | ✓ |
ids.openalex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
ids.pmcid | ✓ | | ✓ |
ids.pmid | ✓ | | ✓ |
Institution
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
institution.id | | ✓ | ✓ |
Institution Assertions
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
institution_assertions.country_code | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institution_assertions.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institution_assertions.lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institution_assertions.ror | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institution_assertions.type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Institutions
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
institutions.continent | | ✓ | ✓ |
institutions.country_code | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institutions.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institutions.is_global_south | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institutions.ror | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
institutions.type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Keyword
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
keyword.search (deprecated) | ✓ | | ✓ |
Keywords
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
keywords.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Locations
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
locations.is_accepted | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.is_published | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.landing_page_url | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.license | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.license_id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.raw_type | | | ✓ |
locations.source.has_issn | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.host_institution_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.host_organization | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.host_organization_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.is_core | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.is_in_doaj | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.issn | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.publisher_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.source.type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
locations.version | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Open Access
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
open_access.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
open_access.oa_status | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Primary Location
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
primary_location.is_accepted | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.is_published | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.landing_page_url | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.license | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.license_id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.raw_type | | | ✓ |
primary_location.source.has_issn | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.host_institution_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.host_organization | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.is_core | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.is_oa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.issn | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.publisher_lineage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.source.type | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_location.version | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Primary Topic
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
primary_topic.domain.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_topic.field.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_topic.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
primary_topic.subfield.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Raw Affiliation Strings
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
raw_affiliation_strings.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Raw Author Name
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
raw_author_name.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Semantic
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
semantic.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Sustainable Development Goals
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
sustainable_development_goals.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
sustainable_development_goals.score | ✓ | | ✓ |
Title
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
title.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
title.search.no_stem (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Title And Abstract
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
title_and_abstract.search (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
title_and_abstract.search.no_stem (deprecated) | | | ✓ |
Topics
| Field | Sort | Group_by | Filter |
|---|
topics.domain.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
topics.field.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
topics.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
topics.subfield.id | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
