# Range A half-open interval from a lower bound up to, but not including, an upper bound. ``` @frozen struct Range where Bound : Comparable ``` ## Overview You create a `Range` instance by using the half-open range operator (`..<`). ``` let underFive = 0.0..<5.0 ``` You can use a `Range` instance to quickly check if a value is contained in a particular range of values. For example: ``` underFive.contains(3.14) // true underFive.contains(6.28) // false underFive.contains(5.0) // false ``` `Range` instances can represent an empty interval, unlike `ClosedRange`. ``` let empty = 0.0..<0.0 empty.contains(0.0) // false empty.isEmpty // true ``` ## Using a Range as a Collection of Consecutive Values When a range uses integers as its lower and upper bounds, or any other type that conforms to the `Strideable` protocol with an integer stride, you can use that range in a `for`-`in` loop or with any sequence or collection method. The elements of the range are the consecutive values from its lower bound up to, but not including, its upper bound. ``` for n in 3..<5 { print(n) } // Prints "3" // Prints "4" ``` Because floating-point types such as `Float` and `Double` are their own `Stride` types, they cannot be used as the bounds of a countable range. If you need to iterate over consecutive floating-point values, see the `stride(from:to:by:)` function. ## Topics ### Creating a Range Create a new range using the half-open range operator (`..<`). [`..<(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Comparable/.._(_:_:)) Returns a half-open range that contains its lower bound but not its upper bound. ### Converting Ranges [`relative(to:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/relative(to:)) Returns the range of indices described by this range expression within the given collection. [`init(_:in:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/init(_:in:)-5cclx) [`init(_:in:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/init(_:in:)-5qfor) ### Inspecting a Range [`isEmpty`](/documentation/Swift/Range/isEmpty) A Boolean value indicating whether the range contains no elements. [`lowerBound`](/documentation/Swift/Range/lowerBound) The range’s lower bound. [`upperBound`](/documentation/Swift/Range/upperBound) The range’s upper bound. ### Checking for Containment [`~=(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/~=(_:_:)) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether a value is included in a range. ### Clamping a Range [`clamped(to:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/clamped(to:)) Returns a copy of this range clamped to the given limiting range. ### Working with Foundation Ranges [`init(_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/init(_:)-15u6b) [`init(_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/init(_:)-1q7lu) ### Comparing Ranges [`==(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/==(_:_:)) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether two ranges are equal. [`!=(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/!=(_:_:)) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether two values are not equal. [`overlaps(_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/overlaps(_:)-7osha) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether this range and the given range contain an element in common. [`overlaps(_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/overlaps(_:)-9fkb2) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether this range and the given closed range contain an element in common. ### Manipulating Indices [`hash(into:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/hash(into:)) Hashes the essential components of this value by feeding them into the given hasher. ### Describing a Range [`description`](/documentation/Swift/Range/description) A textual representation of the range. [`debugDescription`](/documentation/Swift/Range/debugDescription) A textual representation of the range, suitable for debugging. [`customMirror`](/documentation/Swift/Range/customMirror) The custom mirror for this instance. ### Encoding and Decoding a Range [`encode(to:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/encode(to:)) Encodes this value into the given encoder. [`init(from:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/init(from:)) Creates a new instance by decoding from the given decoder. ### Infrequently Used Functionality [`init(uncheckedBounds:)`](/documentation/Swift/Range/init(uncheckedBounds:)) Creates an instance with the given bounds. [`hashValue`](/documentation/Swift/Range/hashValue) The hash value. --- Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. | [Terms of Use](https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/terms/site.html) | [Privacy Policy](https://www.apple.com/privacy/privacy-policy)