Objective To compare educational attainment between children with and without hospital-recorded neurodisability in England at ages 5, 7 and 11 using linked administrative hospital and education data in the Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data (ECHILD) database. Design Population-based cohort study. Methods We derived a national birth cohort of 2 351 589 children born in England between 1 September 2003 and 31 August 2008 enrolled in state-funded primary schools in Reception (age 4–5) using linked health and education records. Neurodisability, defined here as chronic conditions affecting the nervous system which result in functional limitations, is identified using hospital admission records. We described differences in primary school educational attainment for children with and without neurodisability. Results About 2.2% of children had a recorded neurodisability before starting Reception. These children consistently underperformed in national assessments, with fewer th