Does the impact of GenAI persist in learning? comparing AI and instructor feedback on accessibility.

Markku Tukiainen

Fitsum Gizachew Deriba Mohammed Saqr Markku Tukiainen Does the impact of GenAI persist in learning? comparing AI and instructor feedback on accessibility. 29 2026 March 25 Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01268-6 db/journals/uais/uais25.html#DeribaST26 streams/journals/uais

Eija Hartikainen Virpi Hotti Markku Tukiainen Business-Driven Data Model for Consistent Software Robot Monitoring in 24/7 Environments. 169929-169952 2025 13 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3611303 db/journals/access/access13.html#HartikainenHT25 streams/journals/access

Amos Oyelere Sunday Friday Joseph Agbo Jarkko Suhonen Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen Co-designing to develop computational thinking skills in Nigeria K-12 using scratch. 14925-14965 2025 July 30 Educ. Inf. Technol. 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13386-y db/journals/eait/eait30.html#SundayASJT25 streams/journals/eait

Nacir Bouali Violetta Cavalli-Sforza Markku Tukiainen Teacher in the Loop: Customizing Educational Games Using Natural Language. 446-457 2025 CSEDU (2) https://doi.org/10.5220/0013480500003932 conf/csedu/2025-2 db/conf/csedu/csedu2025-2.html#BoualiCT25

Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Kissinger Sunday Solomon Sunday Oyelere Jarkko Suhonen Henriikka Vartiainen Markku Tukiainen Learning machine learning with young children: exploring informal settings in an African context. 161-192 2024 April 34 Comput. Sci. Educ. 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2023.2175559 db/journals/csedu/csedu34.html#SanusiSOSVT24

Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Fred Martin Ruizhe Ma Joseph E. Gonzales Vaishali Mahipal Solomon Sunday Oyelere Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen AI MyData: Fostering Middle School Students' Engagement with Machine Learning through an Ethics-Infused AI Curriculum. 1-37 2024 24 ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 4 https://doi.org/10.1145/3702242 db/journals/toce/toce24.html#SanusiMMGMOST24 streams/journals/toce

Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Joseph Olamide Omidiora Solomon Sunday Oyelere Henriikka Vartiainen Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Preparing Middle Schoolers for a Machine Learning-Enabled Future Through Design-Oriented Pedagogy. 39776-39791 2023 11 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3269025 db/journals/access/access11.html#SanusiOOVST23

Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Solomon Sunday Oyelere Henriikka Vartiainen Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Developing middle school students' understanding of machine learning in an African school. 100155 2023 5 Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100155 db/journals/caeai/caeai5.html#SanusiOVST23

Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Solomon Sunday Oyelere Henriikka Vartiainen Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen A systematic review of teaching and learning machine learning in K-12 education. 5967-5997 2023 May 28 Educ. Inf. Technol. 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7 db/journals/eait/eait28.html#SanusiOVST23

Riina Piiroinen Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen Positive Customer Experience is Enhanced by Effective Agile Practices. 386-399 2023 ICSOB https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53227-6_27 conf/icsob/2023 db/conf/icsob/icsob2023.html#PiiroinenJT23 Sanna Heikkinen Marko Jäntti Markku Tukiainen Continual Service Improvement: A Systematic Literature Review. 30-44 2023 QUATIC https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43703-8_3 conf/quatic/2023 db/conf/quatic/quatic2023.html#HeikkinenJT23 Fitsum Heikkinen Mohammed Saqr Markku Tukiainen Exploring Barriers and Challenges to Accessibility in Virtual Laboratories: A Preliminary Review. 68-77 2023 TELL https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3393/TELL23_paper_789_7.pdf conf/tell/2023 db/conf/tell/tell2023.html#HeikkinenST23

Eija Hartikainen Virpi Hotti Markku Tukiainen Improving Software Robot Maintenance in Large-Scale Environments-is Center of Excellence a Solution? 96760-96773 2022 10 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3205420 db/journals/access/access10.html#HartikainenHT22

Samuel Tewelde Yigzaw Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen A Model for Knowledge Management Systems in the UbuntuNet Alliance Member Institutions. 79 2022 10 Syst. 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030079 db/journals/systems/systems10.html#YigzawJT22

Tapani Toivonen Markku Tukiainen The Power of Human-Algorithm Collaboration in Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems. 253 2021 14 Algorithms 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/a14090253 db/journals/algorithms/algorithms14.html#ToivonenT21

Rosalina Babo Ricardo Fitas Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Webavalia: Algorithm Improvement of an eAssessment Tool Based on a User Survey. 283-293 2021 16 Rev. Iberoam. de Tecnol. del Aprendiz. 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2021.3122942 db/journals/ieee-rita/ieee-rita16.html#BaboFST21

Rosalina Babo Joana Rocha Ricardo Fitas Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Self and Peer E-Assessment: A Study on Software Usability. 68-85 2021 17 Int. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Educ. 3 https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.20210701.oa5 db/journals/ijicte/ijicte17.html#BaboRFST21

Joseph Friday Agbo Solomon Sunday Oyelere Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Scientific production and thematic breakthroughs in smart learning environments: a bibliometric analysis. 1 2021 8 Smart Learn. Environ. 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00145-4 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q125976368 db/journals/sle/sle8.html#AgboOST21

Joseph Friday Agbo Solomon Sunday Oyelere Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen iThinkSmart: Immersive Virtual Reality Mini Games to Facilitate Students' Computational Thinking Skills. 34:1-34:3 2021 Koli Calling https://doi.org/10.1145/3488042.3489963 conf/kolicalling/2021 db/conf/kolicalling/kolicalling2021.html#AgboOST21 Samuel Tewelde Yigzaw Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen Information Systems in Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges. 812-818 2021 TEEM https://doi.org/10.1145/3486011.3486563 conf/teem/2021 db/conf/teem/teem2021.html#YigzawJT21

Rosalina Babo Lurdes V. Babo Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen E- Assessment with Multiple-Choice Questions: A 5 Year Study of Students' Opinions and Experience. 1-29 2020 19 J. Inf. Technol. Educ. Innov. Pract. https://doi.org/10.28945/4491 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q126292049 db/journals/jiteiip/jiteiip19.html#BaboBST20

Rosalina Babo Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Improving Workgroup Assessment with WebAVALIA: The Concept, Framework and First Results. 157-184 2020 19 J. Inf. Technol. Educ. Innov. Pract. https://doi.org/10.28945/4627 db/journals/jiteiip/jiteiip19.html#BaboST20

Rosalina Babo Ricardo Fitas Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Analysing and Improving Mathematical Formulation of Webavalia: A Self and Peer Assessment Tool. 1325-1332 2020 EDUCON https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON45650.2020.9125101 conf/educon/2020 db/conf/educon/educon2020.html#BaboFST20 Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen Attractive Educational Robotics Motivates Younger Students to Learn Programming and Computational Thinking. 54-60 2020 TEEM https://doi.org/10.1145/3434780.3436676 conf/teem/2020 db/conf/teem/teem2020.html#JormanainenT20

Joseph Friday Agbo Solomon Sunday Oyelere Jarkko Suhonen Markku Tukiainen Identifying potential design features of a smart learning environment for programming education in Nigeria. 331-354 2019 14 Int. J. Learn. Technol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2019.106551 db/journals/ijlt/ijlt14.html#AgboOST19

Tapani Toivonen Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen Augmented intelligence in educational data mining. 10 2019 6 Smart Learn. Environ. 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-019-0086-1 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q127198088 db/journals/sle/sle6.html#ToivonenJT19

Muhammad Mustafa Hassan Markku Tukiainen Adnan N. Qureshi (Un)Discounted Usability: Evaluating Low-Budget Educational Technology Projects with Dual-Personae Evaluators. 253-258 2019 ICSIE https://doi.org/10.1145/3328833.3328860 conf/icsie/2019 db/conf/icsie/icsie2019.html#HassanTQ19 Samuel Tewelde Yigzaw Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen Trends in the Role of ICT in Higher Education Knowledge Management Systems: A Systematic Literature Review. 473-480 2019 TEEM https://doi.org/10.1145/3362789.3362805 conf/teem/2019 db/conf/teem/teem2019.html#YigzawJT19 Muhammad Mustafa Hassan Adnan N. Qureshi Andrés Moreno Markku Tukiainen Smart Learning Analytics and Frequent Formative Assessments to Improve Student Retention. 1-6 2018 SmartNets https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTNETS.2018.8707435 conf/smartnets/2018 db/conf/smartnets/smartnets2018.html#HassanQMT18 Muhammad Mustafa Hassan Adnan N. Qureshi Andrés Moreno Markku Tukiainen Participatory Refinement of Participatory Outcomes: Students Iterating over the Design of an Interactive Mobile Learning Application. 76-81 2017 LaTiCE https://doi.org/10.1109/LaTiCE.2017.20 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/LaTiCE.2017.20 conf/latice/2017 db/conf/latice/latice2017.html#HassanQMT17 Tapani Toivonen Ilkka Jormanainen Markku Tukiainen An Open Robotics Environment Motivates Students to Learn the Key Concepts of Artificial Neural Networks and Reinforcement Learning. 317-328 2017 RiE https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62875-2_29 conf/rie/2017 db/conf/rie/rie2017.html#ToivonenJT17 Ilkka Jormanainen Sami Pietinen Markku Tukiainen Tapani Innanen Eveliina Ojala Developing Mobile Services to Support Informal Learning through Automatic Content Delivery in Religious Contexts: A Design Research Approach. 634-636 2014 ICALT https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2014.185 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICALT.2014.185 conf/icalt/2014 db/conf/icalt/icalt2014.html#JormanainenPTIO14

Roman Bednarik Tersia Gowases Markku Tukiainen Gaze-augmented interaction improves problem-solving: new evidence from verbal protocols. 836-844 2013 32 Behav. Inf. Technol. 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2012.659216 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q56897928 db/journals/behaviourIT/behaviourIT32.html#BednarikGT13

Susanne Mäkelä Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Evaluating user experience of autistic children through video observation. 463-468 2013 CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468438 conf/chi/2013a db/conf/chi/chi2013a.html#MakelaBT13 Shahram Eivazi Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Ville Leinonen Juha E. Jääskeläinen Gaze behaviour of expert and novice microneurosurgeons differs during observations of tumor removal recordings. 377-380 2012 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168641 conf/etra/2012 db/conf/etra/etra2012.html#EivaziBTFLJ12 Tersia Gowases Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Text highlighting improves user experience for reading with magnified displays. 1891-1896 2011 CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979917 conf/chi/2011a db/conf/chi/chi2011a.html#GowasesBT11 Sami Pietinen Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Shared visual attention in collaborative programming: a descriptive analysis. 21-24 2010 CHASE https://doi.org/10.1145/1833310.1833314 conf/icse/2010chase db/conf/icse/chase2010.html#PietinenBT10 Sami Pietinen Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Initial Exploration of Eye Movements in Collaborative Work: Case Pair Programming. 7 2009 PPIG http://ppig.org/library/paper/initial-exploration-eye-movements-collaborative-work-case-pair-programming conf/ppig/2009 db/conf/ppig/ppig2009.html#PietinenBT09 Sami Pietinen Roman Bednarik Tatiana Glotova Vesa Tenhunen Markku Tukiainen A method to study visual attention aspects of collaboration: eye-tracking pair programmers simultaneously. 39-42 2008 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1344471.1344480 conf/etra/2008 db/conf/etra/etra2008.html#PietinenBGTT08 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Temporal eye-tracking data: evolution of debugging strategies with multiple representations. 99-102 2008 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1344471.1344497 conf/etra/2008 db/conf/etra/etra2008.html#BednarikT08 Sami Pietinen Vesa Tenhunen Markku Tukiainen Productivity of Pair Programming in a Distributed Environment - Results from Two Controlled Case Studies. 47-58 2008 EuroSPI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85936-9_5 conf/eurospi/2008 db/conf/eurospi/eurospi2008.html#PietinenTT08

Erkki Savioja Markku Tukiainen Measurement practices in financial software industry. 585-595 2007 12 Softw. Process. Improv. Pract. 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/spip.345 db/journals/sopr/sopr12.html#SaviojaT07

Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Analysing and Interpreting Quantitative Eye-Tracking Data in Studies of Programming: Phases of Debugging with Multiple Representations. 13 2007 PPIG http://ppig.org/library/paper/analysing-and-interpreting-quantitative-eye-tracking-data-studies-programming-phases conf/ppig/2007 db/conf/ppig/ppig2007.html#BednarikT07 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen An eye-tracking methodology for characterizing program comprehension processes. 125-132 2006 conf/etra/2006 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117356 db/conf/etra/etra2006.html#BednarikT06 Jari Soini Vesa Tenhunen Markku Tukiainen Current Practices of Measuring Quality in Finnish Software Engineering Industry. 100-110 2006 conf/eurospi/2006 EuroSPI https://doi.org/10.1007/11908562_10 db/conf/eurospi/eurospi2006.html#SoiniTT06 Minna Kamppuri Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen The expanding focus of HCI: case culture. 405-408 2006 conf/nordichi/2006 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/1182475.1182523 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2006.html#KamppuriBT06 Roman Bednarik Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen Markku Tukiainen Program Visualization: Comparing Eye-Tracking Patterns with Comprehension Summaries. 12 2006 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2006-ppig-18th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2006 db/conf/ppig/ppig2006.html#BednarikMST06 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Effects of display blurring on the behavior of novices and experts during program debugging. 1204-1207 2005 conf/chi/2005a CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056877 db/conf/chi/chi2005a.html#BednarikT05 Roman Bednarik Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen Markku Tukiainen Effects of Experience on Gaze Behavior during Program Animation. 6 2005 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2005-ppig-17th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2005 db/conf/ppig/ppig2005.html#BednarikMST05 Roman Bednarik Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen Markku Tukiainen Applying Eye-Movement Tracking to Program Visualization. 302-304 2005 conf/vl/2005 VL/HCC https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2005.20 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2005.20 db/conf/vl/vlhcc2005.html#BednarikMST05 Ilmari Saastamoinen Markku Tukiainen Software Process Improvement in Small and Medium Sized Software Enterprises in Eastern Finland: A State-of-the-Practice Study. 69-78 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30181-3_7 2004 conf/eurospi/2004 EuroSPI db/conf/eurospi/eurospi2004.html#SaastamoinenT04 Roman Bednarik Petri Gerdt Ramin Miraftabi Markku Tukiainen Development of the TUP Model - Evaluating Educational Software. 2004 conf/icalt/2004 ICALT db/conf/icalt/icalt2004.html#BednarikGMT04 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2004.1357627 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICALT.2004.1357627 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Visual attention tracking during program debugging. 331-334 2004 conf/nordichi/2004 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/1028014.1028066 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2004.html#BednarikT04 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Visual attention and representation switching in Java program debugging: a study using eye movement tracking. 16 2004 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2004-ppig-16th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2004 db/conf/ppig/ppig2004.html#BednarikT04 Petri Gerdt Ramin Miraftabi Markku Tukiainen Evaluating Educational Software Environments. 675-676 2002 conf/icce/2002-1 ICCE db/conf/icce/icce2002-1.html#GerdtMT02 https://doi.org/10.1109/CIE.2002.1186039 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CIE.2002.1186039 Markku Tukiainen Eero Mönkkönen Programming Aptitude Testing as a Prediction of Learning to Program. 4 2002 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2002-ppig-14th-tukiainen/ conf/ppig/2002 db/conf/ppig/ppig2002.html#TukiainenM02

Markku Tukiainen Comparing two spreadsheet calculation paradigms: an empirical study with novice users. 427-446 2001 13 Interact. Comput. 4 db/journals/iwc/iwc13.html#Tukiainen01 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(00)00048-5

Markku Tukiainen Evaluation of the Cognitive Dimensions Questionnaire and Some Thoughts about the Cognitive Dimensions of Spreadsheet Calculation. 21 2001 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2001-ppig-13th-tukiainen/ conf/ppig/2001 db/conf/ppig/ppig2001.html#Tukiainen01 Markku Tukiainen Uncovering effects of programming paradigms: Errors in two spreadsheet systems. 17 2000 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2000-ppig-12th-tukiainen/ conf/ppig/2000 db/conf/ppig/ppig2000.html#Tukiainen00 Jorma Sajaniemi Markku Tukiainen Goals and plans in spreadsheets and other programming tools. 9 1996 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/1996-ppig-8th-sajaniemi/ conf/ppig/1996 db/conf/ppig/ppig1996.html#SajaniemiT96 Joseph Friday AgboFriday Joseph Agbo Lurdes V. Babo Rosalina Babo Roman Bednarik Nacir Bouali Violetta Cavalli-Sforza Fitsum Gizachew Deriba Shahram Eivazi Ricardo Fitas Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Petri Gerdt Tatiana Glotova Joseph E. Gonzales Tersia Gowases Eija Hartikainen Muhammad Mustafa Hassan Fitsum Heikkinen Sanna Heikkinen Virpi Hotti Tapani Innanen Juha E. Jääskeläinen Marko Jäntti Ilkka Jormanainen Minna Kamppuri Ville Leinonen Ruizhe Ma Vaishali Mahipal Susanne Mäkelä Fred G. MartinFred Martin Ramin Miraftabi Eero Mönkkönen Andrés Moreno Niko Myller Eveliina Ojala Joseph Olamide Omidiora Amos Sunday OyelereAmos Oyelere Sunday Solomon Sunday Oyelere Sami Pietinen Riina Piiroinen Adnan N. Qureshi Joana Rocha Ilmari Saastamoinen Jorma Sajaniemi Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Mohammed Saqr Erkki Savioja Jari Soini Jarkko Suhonen Kissinger Sunday Erkki Sutinen Vesa Tenhunen Tapani Toivonen Henriikka Vartiainen Samuel Tewelde Yigzaw