Improving microsurgical suture training with automated phase recognition and skill assessment via deep learning.

Roman Bednarik University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland https://dl.acm.org/profile/81100007292 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-3520 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q63268973

Salman Khalil Hasnain Ali Shah Roman Bednarik Improving microsurgical suture training with automated phase recognition and skill assessment via deep learning. 110238 2025 192 Comput. Biol. Medicine https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110238 db/journals/cbm/cbm192.html#KhalilSB25 streams/journals/cbm

Hasnain Ali Shah Salman Khalil Sami Andberg Anne M. Koivisto Roman Bednarik Eye tracking based detection of mild cognitive impairment: A review. 103202 2025 122 Inf. Fusion https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2025.103202 db/journals/inffus/inffus122.html#ShahKAKB25 streams/journals/inffus

Sami Andberg Hasnain Ali Shah Sanna Hannonen Virve Kärkkäinen Kai Kaarniranta Anne M. Koivisto Roman Bednarik Pupil Size Derived Features Improve the Accuracy of Eye-Tracker Based MCI Classification. 957-962 2025 CBMS https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS65348.2025.00191 conf/cbms/2025 db/conf/cbms/cbms2025.html#AndbergSHKKKB25 Lisa Grabinger Naser Al Madi Roman Bednarik Teresa Busjahn Fabian Engl Timur Ezer Hans Gruber Florian Hauser Jonathan I. Maletic Unaizah Obaidellah Kang-Il Park Bonita Sharif Zohreh Sharafi Lynsay A. Shepherd Jürgen Mottok A Cookbook for Eye Tracking in Software Engineering. 60-76 2025 ECSEE https://doi.org/10.1145/3723010.3723018 conf/ecsee/2025 db/conf/ecsee/ecsee2025.html#GrabingerMBBEEG25

Janne Tyni Aatu Turunen Juho Kahila Roman Bednarik Matti Tedre Can ChatGPT Match the Experts? A Feedback Comparison for Serious Game Development. 87-106 2024 11 Int. J. Serious Games 2 https://doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v11i2.744 db/journals/ijsg/ijsg11.html#TyniTKBT24

Janne Tyni Roman Bednarik Juho Kahila Matti Tedre A Bird Matching Game: Difficulty, Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation. 57-77 2024 11 Int. J. Serious Games 4 https://doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v11i3.805 db/journals/ijsg/ijsg11.html#TyniBKT24 streams/journals/ijsg

Mohammadhossein Salari Roman Bednarik Investigating the Impact of Illumination Change on the Accuracy of Head-Mounted Eye Trackers: A Protocol and Initial Results. 204-210 2024 ICMI Companion https://doi.org/10.1145/3686215.3688383 conf/icmi/2024c db/conf/icmi/icmi2024c.html#SalariB24 Michael Barz Roman Bednarik Andreas Bulling Cristina Conati Daniel Sonntag HumanEYEze 2024: Workshop on Eye Tracking for Multimodal Human-Centric Computing. 696-697 2024 ICMI https://doi.org/10.1145/3678957.3688384 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130821734 conf/icmi/2024 db/conf/icmi/icmi2024.html#BarzBBCS24

Janne Tyni Aatu Turunen Juho Kahila Roman Bednarik Matti Tedre Reward Types in Popular Recreational and Educational Mobile Games. 1166-1174 2023 11 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3231936 db/journals/access/access11.html#TyniTKBT23

Hoorieh Afkari Roman Bednarik Seize the moment: the role of scrub nurses' proactivity in microsurgical operating-room collaborations. 1640-1657 2023 July 42 Behav. Inf. Technol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2093791 db/journals/behaviourIT/behaviourIT42.html#AfkariB23

Rasha Sameer Moustafa Harri Karhu Sami Andberg Roman Bednarik Seeing Through Their Eyes - A Customizable Gaze-Contingent Simulation of Impaired Vision and Other Eye Conditions Using VR/XR Technology. 54:1-54:2 2023 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3590110 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130822109 conf/etra/2023 db/conf/etra/etra2023.html#MoustafaKAB23

Janne Tyni Anni Tarkiainen Sonsoles López-Pernas Mohammed Saqr Juho Kahila Roman Bednarik Matti Tedre Games and Rewards: A Scientometric Study of Rewards in Educational and Serious Games. 31578-31585 2022 10 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3160230 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114256047 db/journals/access/access10.html#TyniTLSKBT22

Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai Takuma Kiyokawa Kaoru Kiyomitsu Roman Bednarik Yusuke Mitani Norimichi Tsumura Comparison of noncontact camera-based methods for measuring pulse-rate of awake infants. 1-8 2022 27 Artif. Life Robotics 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-021-00701-2 db/journals/alr/alr27.html#Ogawa-OchiaiKKB22

Jani Koskinen Antti Huotarinen Antti-Pekka Elomaa Bin Zheng 0003 Roman Bednarik Movement-level process modeling of microsurgical bimanual and unimanual tasks. 305-314 2022 17 Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02537-4 db/journals/cars/cars17.html#KoskinenHEZB22

Jani Koskinen Mastaneh Torkamani-Azar Ahmed Hussein Antti Huotarinen Roman Bednarik Automated tool detection with deep learning for monitoring kinematics and eye-hand coordination in microsurgery. 105121 2022 141 Comput. Biol. Medicine https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105121 db/journals/cbm/cbm141.html#KoskinenTHHB22

Mastaneh Torkamani-Azar Ahreum Lee Roman Bednarik Methods and Measures for Mental Stress Assessment in Surgery: A Systematic Review of 20 Years of Literature. 4436-4449 2022 26 IEEE J. Biomed. Health Informatics 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2022.3182869 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q125705077 db/journals/titb/titb26.html#Torkamani-AzarL22

Roman Bednarik Ann Blandford Feng Feng 0004 Antti Huotarinen Matti Iso-Mustajärvi Ahreum Lee Federico Nicolosi Jeremy Opie Soojeong Yoo Bin Zheng 0003 Integration of Human Factors in Surgery: Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Design, Development, and Evaluation of Surgical Technologies. 112:1-112:7 2022 CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503709 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130892841 conf/chi/2022a db/conf/chi/chi2022a.html#BednarikBFHILNO22 Frederick Shic Enkelejda Kasneci Mohamed Khamis Hans Gellersen Krzysztof Krejtz Daniel Weiskopf Tanja Blascheck Jessica Bradshaw Hana Vrzakova Kamran Binaee Michael Burch Peter Kiefer Roman Bednarik Diako Mardanbegi Christopher Clarke Rakshit Sunil Kothari Vijay Rajanna Sampath Jayarathna Arantxa Villanueva Adham Atyabi Shahram Eivazi ETRA 2022: Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, Seattle, WA, USA, June 8 - 11, 2022 ACM ETRA 2022 978-1-4503-9252-5 https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114591390 db/conf/etra/etra2022.html Ahreum Lee Roman Bednarik 3D Exoscopes in Microsurgery: How 3D Exoscopes Reconfigure the Workflow of Assistant Surgeons and Nurses in the Operating Room. 112-116 2021 CSCW Companion https://doi.org/10.1145/3462204.3481760 conf/cscw/2021c db/conf/cscw/cscw2021c.html#LeeB21 Andreas Bulling Anke Huckauf Hans Gellersen Daniel Weiskopf Mihai Bace Teresa Hirzle Florian Alt Thies Pfeiffer Roman Bednarik Krzysztof Krejtz Tanja Blascheck Michael Burch Peter Kiefer Michael D. Dodd Bonita Sharif 2021 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2020, Virtual Event, Germany, May 25-27, 2021, Full Papers ACM ETRA Full Papers 2021 978-1-4503-8344-8 https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017 db/conf/etra/etra2021.html Andreas Bulling Anke Huckauf Hans Gellersen Daniel Weiskopf Mihai Bace Teresa Hirzle Florian Alt Thies Pfeiffer Roman Bednarik Krzysztof Krejtz Tanja Blascheck Michael Burch Peter Kiefer Michael D. Dodd Bonita Sharif ETRA '21 Adjunct: 2021 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, Virtual Event, Germany, May 25-27, 2021. ACM ETRA Adjunct 2021 978-1-4503-8357-8 https://doi.org/10.1145/3450341 db/conf/etra/etra2021a.html Andreas Bulling Anke Huckauf Hans Gellersen Daniel Weiskopf Mihai Bace Teresa Hirzle Florian Alt Thies Pfeiffer Roman Bednarik Krzysztof Krejtz Tanja Blascheck Michael Burch Peter Kiefer Michael D. Dodd Bonita Sharif 2021 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2020, Virtual Event, Germany, May 25-27, 2021, Short Papers ACM ETRA Short Papers 2021 978-1-4503-8345-5 https://doi.org/10.1145/3448018 db/conf/etra/etra2021s.html

Zohreh Sharafi Bonita Sharif Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc Andrew Begel Roman Bednarik Martha E. Crosby A practical guide on conducting eye tracking studies in software engineering. 3128-3174 2020 25 Empir. Softw. Eng. 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09829-4 db/journals/ese/ese25.html#SharafiSGBBC20

Hana Vrzakova Andrew Begel Lauri Mehtätalo Roman Bednarik Affect Recognition in Code Review: An In-situ Biometric Study of Reviewer's Affect. 2020 159 J. Syst. Softw. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.110434 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q127131878 db/journals/jss/jss159.html#VrzakovaBMB20

Roman Bednarik Teresa Busjahn Agostino Gibaldi Alireza Ahadi Mária Bieliková Martha E. Crosby Kai Essig Fabian Fagerholm Ahmad Jbara Raymond Lister Pavel A. Orlov James H. Paterson Bonita Sharif Teemu Sirkiä Jan Stelovsky Jozef Tvarozek Hana Vrzakova Ian van der Linde EMIP: The eye movements in programming dataset. 102520 2020 198 Sci. Comput. Program. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2020.102520 db/journals/scp/scp198.html#BednarikBGABCEF20

Jani Koskinen Roman Bednarik Gaze - grabber distance in expert and novice forest machine operators: the effects of automatic boom control. 26:1-26:7 2020 ETRA Adjunct https://doi.org/10.1145/3379157.3391414 conf/etra/2020a db/conf/etra/etra2020a.html#KoskinenB20 Natalia Chitalkina Roman Bednarik Marjaana Puurtinen Hans Gruber When you ignore what you see: How to study proof-readers' error in pseudocode reading. 53:1-53:5 2020 ETRA Short Papers https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391979 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130965681 conf/etra/2020s db/conf/etra/etra2020s.html#ChitalkinaBPG20 Roman Bednarik Hana Vrzakova Antti-Pekka Elomaa Jukka-Pekka Skön Experts in Medical Computing: Designing a continuous education program with clinical relevance and industrial applicability. 1-5 2020 FIE https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9274101 conf/fie/2020 db/conf/fie/fie2020.html#BednarikVES20

David Gil de Gómez Pérez Roman Bednarik POnline: An Online Pupil Annotation Tool Employing Crowd-sourcing and Engagement Mechanisms. 176-191 2019 6 Hum. Comput. https://doi.org/10.15346/hc.v6i1.9 https://doi.org/10.15346/hc.v6i1.99 db/journals/hc/hc6.html#PerezB19

Natalia Chitalkina Roman Bednarik Marjaana Puurtinen Hans Gruber Prediction as a prerequisite of skilled reading: The cases of source-code and music notation. 13:1-13:9 2019 Koli Calling https://doi.org/10.1145/3364510.3364516 conf/kolicalling/2019 db/conf/kolicalling/kolicalling2019.html#ChitalkinaBPG19 Hoorieh Afkari David Gil de Gómez Pérez Roman Bednarik Command Selection in Gaze-based See-through Virtual Image-Guided Environments. 8:1-8:8 2018 AH https://doi.org/10.1145/3174910.3174940 conf/aughuman/2018 db/conf/aughuman/aughuman2018.html#AfkariPB18 Tomi Leppanen Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Anssi Kanervisto Antti-Pekka Elomaa Antti Huotarinen Piotr Bartczak Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Juha E. Jääskeläinen Augmenting Microsurgical Training: Microsurgical Instrument Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks. 211-216 2018 CBMS https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00044 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00044 conf/cbms/2018 db/conf/cbms/cbms2018.html#LeppanenVBKEHBF18 Roman Bednarik Jani Koskinen Hana Vrzakova Piotr Bartczak Antti-Pekka Elomaa Blink-Based Estimation of Suturing Task Workload and Expertise in Microsurgery. 233-238 2018 CBMS https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00048 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00048 conf/cbms/2018 db/conf/cbms/cbms2018.html#BednarikKVBE18 Piotr Bartczak Matti Iso-Mustajarvi Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Antti-Pekka Elomaa A Portable System for On-Site Medical Spectral Imaging: Pre-Clinical Development and Early Evaluation. 256-261 2018 CBMS https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00052 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00052 conf/cbms/2018 db/conf/cbms/cbms2018.html#BartczakIVBFE18 Piotr Bartczak Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Matti Iso-Mustajarvi Markku Hauta-Kasari Juha E. Jääskeläinen Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Antti-Pekka Elomaa Spectral Video in Image-Guided Microsurgical Applications: Integrating Imaging Technology into the Clinical Environment and Ergonomic Considerations. 286-291 2018 CBMS https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00057 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CBMS.2018.00057 conf/cbms/2018 db/conf/cbms/cbms2018.html#BartczakVBIHJFE18 David Gil de Gómez Pérez Matti Suokas Roman Bednarik Crowdsourcing pupil annotation datasets: boundary vs. center, what performs better? 3:1-3:7 2018 PETMEI@ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/3208031.3208036 conf/etra/2018petmei db/conf/etra/petmei2018.html#PerezSB18 Roman Bednarik Piotr Bartczak Hana Vrzakova Jani Koskinen Antti-Pekka Elomaa Antti Huotarinen David Gil de Gómez Pérez Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Pupil size as an indicator of visual-motor workload and expertise in microsurgical training tasks. 60:1-60:5 2018 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/3204493.3204577 conf/etra/2018 db/conf/etra/etra2018.html#BednarikBVKEHPF18 Takuma Kiyokawa Kaoru Kiyomitsu Roman Bednarik Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai Norimichi Tsumura Comparison of Non-Contact Camera Based Methods to Measure the Pulse Rate for Awake Infants. 157-162 2018 CIC https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2169-2629.2018.26.157 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q128575797 conf/imaging/2018 db/conf/imaging/cic2018.html#KiyokawaKBOT18 Roman Bednarik Carsten Schulte 0001 Lea Budde Birte Heinemann Hana Vrzakova Eye-movement Modeling Examples in Source Code Comprehension: A Classroom Study. 2:1-2:8 2018 Koli Calling https://doi.org/10.1145/3279720.3279722 conf/kolicalling/2018 db/conf/kolicalling/kolicalling2018.html#BednarikSBHV18 Roman Bednarik Carsten Schulte 0001 Proceedings of the Workshop on Eye Movements in Programming, EMIP@ETRA 2018, Warsaw, Poland, June 15, 2018 ACM EMIP@ETRA 2018 https://doi.org/10.1145/3216723 db/conf/etra/emip2018.html

Hoorieh Afkari Roman Bednarik Susanne Mäkelä Shahram Eivazi Mechanisms for maintaining situation awareness in the micro-neurosurgical operating room. 1-14 2016 95 Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.004 db/journals/ijmms/ijmms95.html#AfkariBME16

Rudolf Kajan Adam Herout Roman Bednarik Filip Povolný PeepList: Adapting ex-post interaction with pervasive display content using eye tracking. 71-83 2016 30 Pervasive Mob. Comput. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2015.12.004 db/journals/percom/percom30.html#KajanHBP16

Yukiko I. Nakano Roman Bednarik Hung-Hsuan Huang Kristiina Jokinen Introduction to the Special Issue on New Directions in Eye Gaze for Interactive Intelligent Systems. 1:1-1:3 2016 6 ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2893485 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q63268709 db/journals/tiis/tiis6.html#NakanoBHJ16

Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Yukiko I. Nakano Fumio Nihei Speakers' head and gaze dynamics weakly correlate in group conversation. 77-84 2016 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857522 conf/etra/2016 db/conf/etra/etra2016.html#VrzakovaBNN16 Bin Zheng 0003 Xianta Jiang Roman Bednarik M. Stella Atkins Gaze characteristics of video watching in a surgical setting. 11-15 2016 ETVIS https://doi.org/10.1109/ETVIS.2016.7851158 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ETVIS.2016.7851158 conf/etvis/2016 db/conf/etvis/etvis2016.html#ZhengJBA16 Ana Gebejes Pauli Fält Roman Bednarik Markku Hauta-Kasari SPEED: SPectral eye vidEo database. 1666-1675 2016 UbiComp Adjunct https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968335 conf/huc/2016ap db/conf/huc/ubicomp2016ap.html#GebejesFBH16 Duc Nguyen Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik WTP: web-tracking plugin for real-time automatic AOI annotations. 1696-1705 2016 UbiComp Adjunct https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968338 conf/huc/2016ap db/conf/huc/ubicomp2016ap.html#NguyenVB16 Pavel A. Orlov Roman Bednarik Liudmila Orlova Programmers' experiences with working in the restricted-view mode as indications of parafoveal processing differences. 12 2016 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2016-ppig-27th-orlov/ conf/ppig/2016 db/conf/ppig/ppig2016.html#OrlovBO16

Roman Bednarik Janne Krohns User-centred design practice and adoption in smaller ICT companies in Eastern Finland: an interview study. 285-298 2015 18 Int. J. Bus. Inf. Syst. 3 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2015.068165 db/journals/ijbis/ijbis18.html#BednarikK15

Xianta Jiang Bin Zheng 0003 Roman Bednarik M. Stella Atkins Pupil responses to continuous aiming movements. 1-11 2015 83 Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.05.006 db/journals/ijmms/ijmms83.html#JiangZBA15

Jutta Fortmann Heiko Müller 0002 Wilko Heuten Susanne Boll Jari Kangas 0001 Deepak Akkil Jussi Rantala Poika Isokoski Päivi Majaranta Roope Raisamo Pavel A. Orlov Roman Bednarik Héctor A. Caltenco Henrik Svarrer Larsen Per-Olof Hedvall Demo hour. 6-9 2015 22 Interactions 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/2692815 db/journals/interactions/interactions22.html#FortmannMHBKARIMROBCLH15

Teresa Busjahn Roman Bednarik Andrew Begel Martha E. Crosby James H. Paterson Carsten Schulte 0001 Bonita Sharif Sascha Tamm Eye movements in code reading: relaxing the linear order. 255-265 2015 ICPC https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPC.2015.36 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICPC.2015.36 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2820320 conf/iwpc/2015 db/conf/iwpc/icpc2015.html#BusjahnBBCPSST15 Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Quiet Eye Affects Action Detection from Gaze More Than Context Length. 277-288 2015 UMAP https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_23 conf/um/2015 db/conf/um/umap2015.html#VrzakovaB15 Xianta Jiang M. Stella Atkins Geoffrey Tien Roman Bednarik Bin Zheng 0003 Pupil responses during discrete goal-directed movements. 2075-2084 2014 CHI https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557086 conf/chi/2014 db/conf/chi/chi2014.html#JiangATBZ14 Xianta Jiang M. Stella Atkins Geoffrey Tien Bin Zheng 0003 Roman Bednarik Pupil dilations during target-pointing respect Fitts' law. 175-182 2014 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578178 conf/etra/2014 db/conf/etra/etra2014.html#JiangATZB14 Thanh-Chung Dao Roman Bednarik Hana Vrzakova Heatmap rendering from large-scale distributed datasets using cloud computing. 215-218 2014 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578187 conf/etra/2014 db/conf/etra/etra2014.html#DaoBV14 Geoffrey Tien M. Stella Atkins Xianta Jiang Bin Zheng 0003 Roman Bednarik Verbal gaze instruction matches visual gaze guidance in laparoscopic skills training. 331-334 2014 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578217 conf/etra/2014 db/conf/etra/etra2014.html#TienAJZB14 Teresa Busjahn Roman Bednarik Carsten Schulte 0001 What influences dwell time during source code reading?: analysis of element type and frequency as factors. 335-338 2014 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578211 conf/etra/2014 db/conf/etra/etra2014.html#BusjahnBS14 Teresa Busjahn Carsten Schulte 0001 Bonita Sharif Simon Andrew Begel Michael Hansen Roman Bednarik Paul Orlov Petri Ihantola Galina Shchekotova Maria Antropova Eye tracking in computing education. 3-10 2014 ICER https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632344 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q122983412 conf/icer/2014 db/conf/icer/icer2014.html#BusjahnSSSBHBOISA14 Lauri Malmi Judy Sheard Simon Roman Bednarik Juha Helminen Päivi Kinnunen Ari Korhonen Niko Myller Juha Sorva Ahmad Taherkhani Theoretical underpinnings of computing education research: what is the evidence? 27-34 2014 ICER https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632358 conf/icer/2014 db/conf/icer/icer2014.html#MalmiSSBHKKMST14 Hung-Hsuan Huang Roman Bednarik Kristiina Jokinen Yukiko I. Nakano Gaze-in 2014: the 7th Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction. 527-528 2014 ICMI https://doi.org/10.1145/2663204.2668316 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q63268734 conf/icmi/2014 db/conf/icmi/icmi2014.html#HuangBJN14 Hoorieh Afkari Shahram Eivazi Roman Bednarik Susanne Mäkelä The potentials for hands-free interaction in micro-neurosurgery. 401-410 2014 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/2639189.2639213 conf/nordichi/2014 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2014.html#AfkariEBM14 Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Yukiko I. Nakano Fumio Nihei Influential statements and gaze for persuasion modeling. 915-918 2014 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/2639189.2670192 conf/nordichi/2014 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2014.html#VrzakovaBNN14 Pavel A. Orlov Roman Bednarik Low-cost latency measurement system for eye-mouse software. 1085-1088 2014 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/2639189.2670282 conf/nordichi/2014 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2014.html#OrlovB14 Hung-Hsuan Huang Roman Bednarik Kristiina Jokinen Yukiko I. Nakano Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction: Eye-Gaze & Multimodality, GazeIn@ICMI 2014, Istanbul, Turkey, November 16, 2014 ACM GazeIn@ICMI 2014 978-1-4503-0125-1 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2666642 db/conf/icmi/gazein2014.html

Roman Bednarik Tersia Gowases Markku Tukiainen Gaze-augmented interaction improves problem-solving: new evidence from verbal protocols. 836-844 2013 32 Behav. Inf. Technol. 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2012.659216 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q56897928 db/journals/behaviourIT/behaviourIT32.html#BednarikGT13

Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik That's not norma(n/l): a detailed analysis of midas touch in gaze-based problem-solving. 85-90 2013 CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468373 conf/chi/2013a db/conf/chi/chi2013a.html#VrzakovaB13 Susanne Mäkelä Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Evaluating user experience of autistic children through video observation. 463-468 2013 CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468438 conf/chi/2013a db/conf/chi/chi2013a.html#MakelaBT13 Patrick Jermann Darren Gergle Roman Bednarik Pierre Dillenbourg DUET 2013: Dual Eye Tracking in CSCL. 446-450 2013 CSCL (2) conf/cscl/2013-2 db/conf/cscl/cscl2013-2.html#JermannGBD13 Roman Bednarik Marko Kauppinen Unrawelling the interaction strategies and gaze in collaborative learning with online video lectures. 57-62 2013 GazeIn@ICMI https://doi.org/10.1145/2535948.2535959 conf/icmi/2013gazein db/conf/icmi/gazein2013.html#BednarikK13 Roman Bednarik Hung-Hsuan Huang Yukiko I. Nakano Kristiina Jokinen Gazein'13: the 6th workshop on eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction: gaze in multimodal interaction. 609-610 2013 ICMI https://doi.org/10.1145/2522848.2535892 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q63268751 conf/icmi/2013 db/conf/icmi/icmi2013.html#BednarikHNJ13 Roman Bednarik Shahram Eivazi Hana Vrzakova A Computational Approach for Prediction of Problem-Solving Behavior Using Support Vector Machines and Eye-Tracking Data. 111-134 2013 Eye Gaze in Intelligent User Interfaces https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4784-8_7 books/sp/13/NCB2013 db/books/collections/NCB2013.html#BednarikEV13 Roman Bednarik Hung-Hsuan Huang Kristiina Jokinen Yukiko I. Nakano Proceedings of the 6th workshop on Eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction: gaze in multimodal interaction, GazeIn@ICMI 2013, Sydney, Australia, December 13, 2013 GazeIn@ICMI ACM 2013 978-1-4503-2563-9 https://doi.org/10.1145/2535948 db/conf/icmi/gazein2013.html

Roman Bednarik Expertise-dependent visual attention strategies develop over time during debugging with multiple code representations. 143-155 2012 70 Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.09.003 db/journals/ijmms/ijmms70.html#Bednarik12

Patrick Jermann Darren Gergle Roman Bednarik Susan Brennan Duet 2012: dual eye tracking in CSCW. 23-24 2012 CSCW (Companion) https://doi.org/10.1145/2141512.2141525 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q61948878 conf/cscw/2012 db/conf/cscw/cscw2012.html#JermannGBB12 Roman Bednarik Hana Vrzakova Michal Hradis What do you want to do next: a novel approach for intent prediction in gaze-based interaction. 83-90 2012 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168569 conf/etra/2012 db/conf/etra/etra2012.html#BednarikVH12 Michal Hradis Shahram Eivazi Roman Bednarik Voice activity detection from gaze in video mediated communication. 329-332 2012 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168628 conf/etra/2012 db/conf/etra/etra2012.html#HradisEB12 Shahram Eivazi Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Ville Leinonen Juha E. Jääskeläinen Gaze behaviour of expert and novice microneurosurgeons differs during observations of tumor removal recordings. 377-380 2012 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168641 conf/etra/2012 db/conf/etra/etra2012.html#EivaziBTFLJ12 Hana Vrzakova Roman Bednarik Hard lessons learned: mobile eye-tracking in cockpits. 7:1-7:6 2012 GazeIn@ICMI https://doi.org/10.1145/2401836.2401843 conf/icmi/2012gazein db/conf/icmi/gazein2012.html#VrzakovaB12 Roman Bednarik Shahram Eivazi Michal Hradis Gaze and conversational engagement in multiparty video conversation: an annotation scheme and classification of high and low levels of engagement. 10:1-10:6 2012 GazeIn@ICMI https://doi.org/10.1145/2401836.2401846 conf/icmi/2012gazein db/conf/icmi/gazein2012.html#BednarikEH12 Peng Wang Roman Bednarik Andrés Moreno During automatic program animation, explanations after animations have greater impact than before animations. 100-109 2012 Koli Calling https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401808 conf/kolicalling/2012 db/conf/kolicalling/kolicalling2012.html#WangBM12 Roman Bednarik Adam Herout What students want: a study on the role of the supervisor of final works in computing education. 118-125 2012 Koli Calling https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401811 conf/kolicalling/2012 db/conf/kolicalling/kolicalling2012.html#BednarikH12 Roman Bednarik Paul Orlov Investigating the role of programmers' peripheral vision: a gaze-contingent tool and an experiment proposal. 14 2012 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2012-ppig-24th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2012 db/conf/ppig/ppig2012.html#BednarikO12

Mordechai Ben-Ari Roman Bednarik Ronit Ben-Bassat Levy Gil Ebel Andrés Moreno Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen A decade of research and development on program animation: The Jeliot experience. 375-384 2011 22 J. Vis. Lang. Comput. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2011.04.004 db/journals/vlc/vlc22.html#Ben-AriBLEMMS11

Tersia Gowases Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Text highlighting improves user experience for reading with magnified displays. 1891-1896 2011 CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979917 conf/chi/2011a db/conf/chi/chi2011a.html#GowasesBT11 Roman Bednarik Andrey Shipilov Sami Pietinen Bidirectional gaze in remote computer mediated collaboration: setup and initial results from pair-programming. 597-600 2011 CSCW https://doi.org/10.1145/1958824.1958923 conf/cscw/2011 db/conf/cscw/cscw2011.html#BednarikSP11 Tomi Kinnunen Filip Sedlak Roman Bednarik Towards task-independent person authentication using eye movement signals. 187-190 2010 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1743666.1743712 conf/etra/2010 db/conf/etra/etra2010.html#KinnunenSB10 Lauri Malmi Judy Sheard Simon Roman Bednarik Juha Helminen Ari Korhonen Niko Myller Juha Sorva Ahmad Taherkhani Characterizing research in computing education: a preliminary analysis of the literature. 3-12 2010 ICER https://doi.org/10.1145/1839594.1839597 conf/icer/2010 db/conf/icer/icer2010.html#MalmiSSBHKMST10 Sami Pietinen Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Shared visual attention in collaborative programming: a descriptive analysis. 21-24 2010 CHASE https://doi.org/10.1145/1833310.1833314 conf/icse/2010chase db/conf/icse/chase2010.html#PietinenBT10 Shahram Eivazi Roman Bednarik Inferring problem solving strategies using eye-tracking: system description and evaluation. 55-61 2010 Koli Calling https://doi.org/10.1145/1930464.1930472 conf/kolicalling/2010 db/conf/kolicalling/kolicalling2010.html#EivaziB10

Niko Myller Roman Bednarik Erkki Sutinen Mordechai Ben-Ari Extending the Engagement Taxonomy: Software Visualization and Collaborative Learning. 2009 9 ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 1 https://doi.org/10.1145/1513593.1513600 db/journals/jeric/toce9.html#MyllerBSB09 7:1-7:27

Marcus Duveskog Kati Kemppainen Roman Bednarik Erkki Sutinen Designing a story-based platform for HIV and AIDS counseling with Tanzanian children. 27-35 2009 IDC https://doi.org/10.1145/1551788.1551794 conf/acmidc/2009 db/conf/acmidc/idc2009.html#DuveskogKBS09 Sami Pietinen Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Initial Exploration of Eye Movements in Collaborative Work: Case Pair Programming. 7 2009 PPIG http://ppig.org/library/paper/initial-exploration-eye-movements-collaborative-work-case-pair-programming conf/ppig/2009 db/conf/ppig/ppig2009.html#PietinenBT09

Justus J. Randolph Roman Bednarik Publication Bias in the Computer Science Education Research Literature. 575-589 2008 14 J. Univers. Comput. Sci. 4 db/journals/jucs/jucs14.html#RandolphB08 http://www.jucs.org/jucs_14_4/publication_bias_in_the

Sami Pietinen Roman Bednarik Tatiana Glotova Vesa Tenhunen Markku Tukiainen A method to study visual attention aspects of collaboration: eye-tracking pair programmers simultaneously. 39-42 2008 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1344471.1344480 conf/etra/2008 db/conf/etra/etra2008.html#PietinenBGTT08 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Temporal eye-tracking data: evolution of debugging strategies with multiple representations. 99-102 2008 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1344471.1344497 conf/etra/2008 db/conf/etra/etra2008.html#BednarikT08

Justus J. Randolph George Julnes Roman Bednarik Erkki Sutinen A comparison of the methodological quality of articles in computer science education journals and conference proceedings. 263-274 2007 17 Comput. Sci. Educ. 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/08993400701483517 db/journals/csedu/csedu17.html#RandolphJBS07

Niko Myller Roman Bednarik Andrés Moreno Integrating Dynamic Program Visualization into BlueJ: the Jeliot 3 Extension. 505-506 2007 conf/icalt/2007 ICALT https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2007.165 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICALT.2007.165 db/conf/icalt/icalt2007.html#MyllerBM07 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Analysing and Interpreting Quantitative Eye-Tracking Data in Studies of Programming: Phases of Debugging with Multiple Representations. 13 2007 PPIG http://ppig.org/library/paper/analysing-and-interpreting-quantitative-eye-tracking-data-studies-programming-phases conf/ppig/2007 db/conf/ppig/ppig2007.html#BednarikT07

Roman Bednarik Andrés Moreno Niko Myller Various Utilizations of an Open-Source Program Visualization Tool, Jeliot 3. 195-206 2006 5 Informatics Educ. 2 https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2006.15 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114962822 db/journals/iie/iie5.html#BednarikMM06

Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen An eye-tracking methodology for characterizing program comprehension processes. 125-132 2006 conf/etra/2006 ETRA https://doi.org/10.1145/1117309.1117356 db/conf/etra/etra2006.html#BednarikT06 Minna Kamppuri Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen The expanding focus of HCI: case culture. 405-408 2006 conf/nordichi/2006 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/1182475.1182523 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2006.html#KamppuriBT06 Roman Bednarik Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen Markku Tukiainen Program Visualization: Comparing Eye-Tracking Patterns with Comprehension Summaries. 12 2006 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2006-ppig-18th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2006 db/conf/ppig/ppig2006.html#BednarikMST06 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Effects of display blurring on the behavior of novices and experts during program debugging. 1204-1207 2005 conf/chi/2005a CHI Extended Abstracts https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056877 db/conf/chi/chi2005a.html#BednarikT05 Roman Bednarik Erkki Sutinen Andrés Moreno Niko Myller Mike Joy Shanghua Sun Multi-Agent Educational System for Program Visualization. 283-288 2005 conf/cimca/2005 CIMCA/IAWTIC db/conf/cimca/cimca2005-2.html#BednarikSMMJS05 https://doi.org/10.1109/CIMCA.2005.1631482 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CIMCA.2005.22 Justus J. Randolph Roman Bednarik Pasi Silander Javier Gonzalez Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen A Critical Analysis of the Research Methodologies Reported in the Full Papers of the Proceedings of ICALT 2004. 10-14 2005 conf/icalt/2005 ICALT https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2005.4 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICALT.2005.4 db/conf/icalt/icalt2005.html#RandolphBSGMS05 Roman Bednarik Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen Markku Tukiainen Effects of Experience on Gaze Behavior during Program Animation. 6 2005 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2005-ppig-17th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2005 db/conf/ppig/ppig2005.html#BednarikMST05 Roman Bednarik Tomi Kinnunen Andrei Mihaila Pasi Fränti Eye-Movements as a Biometric. 780-789 2005 conf/scia/2005 SCIA https://doi.org/10.1007/11499145_79 db/conf/scia/scia2005.html#BednarikKMF05 Roman Bednarik Niko Myller Erkki Sutinen Markku Tukiainen Applying Eye-Movement Tracking to Program Visualization. 302-304 2005 conf/vl/2005 VL/HCC https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2005.20 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2005.20 db/conf/vl/vlhcc2005.html#BednarikMST05 Roman Bednarik Petri Gerdt Ramin Miraftabi Markku Tukiainen Development of the TUP Model - Evaluating Educational Software. 2004 conf/icalt/2004 ICALT db/conf/icalt/icalt2004.html#BednarikGMT04 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2004.1357627 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICALT.2004.1357627 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Visual attention tracking during program debugging. 331-334 2004 conf/nordichi/2004 NordiCHI https://doi.org/10.1145/1028014.1028066 db/conf/nordichi/nordichi2004.html#BednarikT04 Roman Bednarik Markku Tukiainen Visual attention and representation switching in Java program debugging: a study using eye movement tracking. 16 2004 PPIG https://ppig.org/papers/2004-ppig-16th-bednarik/ conf/ppig/2004 db/conf/ppig/ppig2004.html#BednarikT04 Hoorieh Afkari Alireza Ahadi Deepak Akkil Florian Alt Sami Andberg Maria Antropova M. Stella Atkins Adham Atyabi Mihai BâceMihai Bace Piotr Bartczak Michael Barz Andrew Begel Mordechai Ben-Ari Mária Bieliková Kamran Binaee Ann Blandford Tanja Blascheck Susanne Boll Jessica Bradshaw Susan Brennan Lea Budde Andreas Bulling Michael Burch Teresa Busjahn Héctor A. Caltenco Natalia Chitalkina Christopher Clarke Cristina Conati Martha E. Crosby Thanh-Chung Dao Pierre Dillenbourg Michael D. Dodd Marcus Duveskog Gil Ebel Shahram Eivazi Antti-Pekka Elomaa Fabian Engl Kai Essig Timur Ezer Fabian Fagerholm Pauli Fält Feng Feng 0004 Jutta Fortmann Pasi Fränti Mikael von und zu Fraunberg Ana Gebejes Hans-Werner GellersenHans Gellersen Petri Gerdt Darren Gergle Agostino Gibaldi Tatiana Glotova Javier Gonzalez Tersia Gowases Lisa Grabinger Hans Gruber Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc Sanna Hannonen Michael Hansen Florian Hauser Markku Hauta-Kasari Per-Olof Hedvall Birte Heinemann Juha Helminen Adam Herout Wilko Heuten Teresa Hirzle Michal Hradis Hung-Hsuan Huang Anke Huckauf Antti Huotarinen Ahmed Hussein Petri Ihantola Matti Iso-MustajärviMatti Iso-Mustajarvi Poika Isokoski Juha E. Jääskeläinen Sampath Jayarathna Ahmad Jbara Patrick Jermann Xianta Jiang Kristiina Jokinen Mike Joy George Julnes Kai Kaarniranta Juho Kahila Rudolf Kajan Minna Kamppuri Anssi Kanervisto Jari Kangas 0001 Harri Karhu Virve Kärkkäinen Enkelejda Kasneci Marko Kauppinen Kati Kemppainen Salman Khalil Mohamed Khamis Peter Kiefer Päivi Kinnunen Tomi Kinnunen Takuma Kiyokawa Kaoru Kiyomitsu Anne M. Koivisto Ari Korhonen Jani Simo Sakari KoskinenJani Koskinen Rakshit Sunil Kothari Krzysztof Krejtz Janne Krohns Henrik Svarrer Larsen Ahreum Lee Ville Leinonen Tomi Leppanen Ronit Ben-Bassat Levy Ian van der Linde Raymond Lister Sonsoles López-Pernas Naser Al Madi Päivi Majaranta Susanne Mäkelä Jonathan I. Maletic Lauri Malmi Diako Mardanbegi Lauri Mehtätalo Andrei Mihaila Ramin Miraftabi Yusuke Mitani Andrés Moreno Jürgen Mottok Rasha Sameer Moustafa Heiko Müller 0002 Niko Myller Yukiko I. Nakano Duc Nguyen Federico Nicolosi Fumio Nihei Unaizah Obaidellah Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai Jeremy Opie Pavel A. OrlovPaul Orlov Liudmila Orlova Kang-Il Park James H. Paterson David Gil de Gómez Pérez Thies Pfeiffer Sami Pietinen Filip Povolný Marjaana Puurtinen Roope Raisamo Vijay Rajanna Justus J. Randolph Jussi Rantala Mohammadhossein Salari Mohammed Saqr Carsten Schulte 0001 Filip Sedlak Hasnain Ali Shah Zohreh Sharafi Bonita Sharif Galina Shchekotova Judithe SheardJudy Sheard Lynsay A. Shepherd Frédérick ShicFrederick Shic Andrey Shipilov Pasi Silander Simon Teemu Sirkiä Jukka-Pekka SkonJukka-Pekka Skön Daniel Sonntag Juha Sorva Jan Stelovsky Shanghua Sun Matti Suokas Erkki Sutinen Ahmad Taherkhani Sascha Tamm Anni Tarkiainen Matti Tedre Vesa Tenhunen Geoffrey Tien Mastaneh Torkamani-Azar Norimichi Tsumura Markku Tukiainen Aatu Turunen Jozef Tvarozek Janne Tyni Arantxa Villanueva Hana Vrzakova Peng Wang Daniel Weiskopf SooJeong YooSoojeong Yoo Bin Zheng 0003