Dose-aware diffusion model for 3D PET image denoising: Multi-institutional validation with reader study and real low-dose data.

Xueqi Guo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-2811

Huidong Xie Weijie Gan Reimund Bayerlein Bo Zhou 0009 Mingkai Chen 0003 Michal Kulon Annemarie Boustani Kuan-Yin Ko Der-Shiun Wang Benjamin A. Spencer Wei Ji 0011 Xiongchao Chen Qiong Liu Xueqi Guo Menghua Xia Yinchi Zhou Hui Liu Liang Guo Hongyu An Ulugbek S. Kamilov Hanzhong Wang Biao Li Axel Rominger Kuangyu Shi Ge Wang 0001 Ramsey D. Badawi Chi Liu 0001 Dose-aware diffusion model for 3D PET image denoising: Multi-institutional validation with reader study and real low-dose data. 2026 104039 111 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104039 db/journals/mia/mia111.html#XieGBZCKBKWSJCLGXZLGAKW26 streams/journals/mia

Huidong Xie Liang Guo Alexandre Velo Zhao Liu Qiong Liu Xueqi Guo Bo Zhou 0009 Xiongchao Chen Yu-Jung Tsai Tianshun Miao Menghua Xia Yi-Hwa Liu Ian S. Armstrong Ge Wang 0001 Richard E. Carson Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Noise-aware dynamic image denoising and positron range correction for Rubidium-82 cardiac PET imaging via self-supervision. 103391 2025 100 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103391 db/journals/mia/mia100.html#XieGVLLGZCTMXLAWCSL25 streams/journals/mia

Huidong Xie Weijie Gan Wei Ji 0011 Xiongchao Chen Alaa Alashi Stephanie Thorn Bo Zhou 0009 Qiong Liu Menghua Xia Xueqi Guo Yi-Hwa Liu Hongyu An Ulugbek S. Kamilov Ge Wang 0001 Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 A generalizable diffusion framework for 3D low-dose and few-view cardiac SPECT imaging. 103729 2025 106 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103729 db/journals/mia/mia106.html#XieGJCATZLXGLAKWSL25 streams/journals/mia

Bo Zhou 0009 Jun Hou Tianqi Chen Yinchi Zhou Xiongchao Chen Huidong Xie Qiong Liu Xueqi Guo Menghua Xia Yu-Jung Tsai Vladimir Y. Panin Takuya Toyonaga James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 POUR-Net: A Population-Prior-Aided Over-Under-Representation Network for Low-Count PET Attenuation Map Generation. 1699-1710 2025 April 44 IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2024.3514925 db/journals/tmi/tmi44.html#ZhouHCZCXLGXTPTDL25 streams/journals/tmi

Tianqi Chen Jun Hou Yinchi Zhou Huidong Xie Xiongchao Chen Qiong Liu Xueqi Guo Menghua Xia James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 Bo Zhou 0009 2.5D Multi-View Averaging Diffusion Model for 3D Medical Image Translation: Application to Low-Count PET Reconstruction With CT-Less Attenuation Correction. 4239-4250 2025 November 44 IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2025.3570342 db/journals/tmi/tmi44.html#ChenHZXCLGXDLZ25 streams/journals/tmi

Xueqi Guo Yoshihisa Shinagawa Sepehr Farhand Halid Yerebakan Kritika Iyer Matthias Wolf 0001 Gerardo Hermosillo Valadez Unsupervised Abnormality Segmentation in Chest CT with Anatomy-Guided Latent Diffusion Model and Adaptive Thresholding. ICCVW 2025 1028-1035 conf/iccv/2025w https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVW69036.2025.00111 db/conf/iccv/iccv2025w.html#GuoSFYIWV25 streams/conf/iccv

Halid Ziya Yerebakan Kritika Iyer Xueqi Guo Yoshihisa Shinagawa Gerardo Hermosillo Valadez BodyGPS: Anatomical Positioning System. 2025 May abs/2505.07744 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.07744 db/journals/corr/corr2505.html#abs-2505-07744 streams/journals/corr

Xueqi Guo Halid Ziya Yerebakan Yoshihisa Shinagawa Kritika Iyer Gerardo Hermosillo Valadez Fast Multi-Organ Fine Segmentation in CT Images with Hierarchical Sparse Sampling and Residual Transformer. 2025 November abs/2511.08509 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.08509 db/journals/corr/corr2511.html#abs-2511-08509 streams/journals/corr

Qiong Liu Yu-Jung Tsai Jean-Dominique Gallezot Xueqi Guo Ming-Kai Chen 0003 Darko Pucar Colin Young Vladimir Y. Panin Michael E. Casey Tianshun Miao Huidong Xie Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Richard E. Carson Chi Liu 0001 Population-based deep image prior for dynamic PET denoising: A data-driven approach to improve parametric quantification. 103180 2024 95 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103180 db/journals/mia/mia95.html#LiuTGGCPYPCMXCZCL24

Xueqi Guo Luyao Shi Xiongchao Chen Qiong Liu Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Yi-Hwa Liu Richard Palyo Edward J. Miller Albert J. Sinusas Lawrence H. Staib Bruce Spottiswoode Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek TAI-GAN: A Temporally and Anatomically Informed Generative Adversarial Network for early-to-late frame conversion in dynamic cardiac PET inter-frame motion correction. 103190 2024 96 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103190 db/journals/mia/mia96.html#GuoSCLZXLPMSSSLD24

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Xueqi Guo Huidong Xie Qiong Liu James S. Duncan Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 DuDoCFNet: Dual-Domain Coarse-to-Fine Progressive Network for Simultaneous Denoising, Limited-View Reconstruction, and Attenuation Correction of Cardiac SPECT. 3110-3125 2024 September 43 IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2024.3385650 db/journals/tmi/tmi43.html#ChenZGXLDSL24 streams/journals/tmi

Joseph Bae Xueqi Guo Halid Ziya Yerebakan Yoshihisa Shinagawa Sepehr Farhand SAMU: An Efficient and Promptable Foundation Model for Medical Image Segmentation. 134-142 2024 MedAGI@MICCAI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73471-7_14 conf/miccai/2024medagi db/conf/miccai/medagi2024.html#BaeGYSF24 streams/conf/miccai

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Xueqi Guo Huidong Xie Qiong Liu James S. Duncan Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Dual-Domain Coarse-to-Fine Progressive Estimation Network for Simultaneous Denoising, Limited-View Reconstruction, and Attenuation Correction of Cardiac SPECT. 2024 abs/2401.13140 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.13140 db/journals/corr/corr2401.html#abs-2401-13140

Bo Zhou 0009 Jun Hou Tianqi Chen Yinchi Zhou Xiongchao Chen Huidong Xie Qiong Liu Xueqi Guo Yu-Jung Tsai Vladimir Y. Panin Takuya Toyonaga James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 POUR-Net: A Population-Prior-Aided Over-Under-Representation Network for Low-Count PET Attenuation Map Generation. 2024 abs/2401.14285 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.14285 db/journals/corr/corr2401.html#abs-2401-14285

Xueqi Guo Luyao Shi Xiongchao Chen Qiong Liu Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Yi-Hwa Liu Richard Palyo Edward J. Miller Albert J. Sinusas Lawrence H. Staib Bruce Spottiswoode Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek TAI-GAN: A Temporally and Anatomically Informed Generative Adversarial Network for early-to-late frame conversion in dynamic cardiac PET inter-frame motion correction. 2024 abs/2402.09567 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.09567 db/journals/corr/corr2402.html#abs-2402-09567

Tianqi Chen Jun Hou Yinchi Zhou Huidong Xie Xiongchao Chen Qiong Liu Xueqi Guo Menghua Xia James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 Bo Zhou 0009 2.5D Multi-view Averaging Diffusion Model for 3D Medical Image Translation: Application to Low-count PET Reconstruction with CT-less Attenuation Correction. 2024 abs/2406.08374 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.08374 db/journals/corr/corr2406.html#abs-2406-08374

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Jiazhen Zhang James S. Duncan Edward J. Miller Albert J. Sinusas John A. Onofrey Chi Liu 0001 DuSFE: Dual-Channel Squeeze-Fusion-Excitation co-attention for cross-modality registration of cardiac SPECT and CT. 102840 2023 August 88 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2023.102840 db/journals/mia/mia88.html#ChenZXGZDMSOL23

Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Qiong Liu Xiongchao Chen Xueqi Guo Zhicheng Feng Jun Hou S. Kevin Zhou Biao Li Axel Rominger Kuangyu Shi James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 FedFTN: Personalized federated learning with deep feature transformation network for multi-institutional low-count PET denoising. 102993 2023 December 90 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2023.102993 db/journals/mia/mia90.html#ZhouXLCGFHZLRSDL23

Xueqi Guo Bo Zhou 0009 Xiongchao Chen Ming-Kai Chen 0003 Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek MCP-Net: Introducing Patlak Loss Optimization to Whole-Body Dynamic PET Inter-Frame Motion Correction. 3512-3523 2023 December 42 IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2023.3290003 db/journals/tmi/tmi42.html#GuoZCCLD23

Bo Zhou 0009 Yu-Jung Tsai Jiazhen Zhang Xueqi Guo Huidong Xie Xiongchao Chen Tianshun Miao Yihuan Lu James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 Fast-MC-PET: A Novel Deep Learning-Aided Motion Correction and Reconstruction Framework for Accelerated PET. 523-535 2023 IPMI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34048-2_40 conf/ipmi/2023 db/conf/ipmi/ipmi2023.html#ZhouTZGXCMLDL23 Xueqi Guo Mohamad Abdi Yoshihisa Shinagawa Anna K. Jerebko Sepehr Farhand SEAM-STRESS: A Weakly Supervised Framework for Interstitial Lung Disease Segmentation in Chest CT. 1-4 2023 ISBI https://doi.org/10.1109/ISBI53787.2023.10230747 conf/isbi/2023 db/conf/isbi/isbi2023.html#GuoASJF23 Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Qiong Liu Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Dual-Domain Iterative Network with Adaptive Data Consistency for Joint Denoising and Few-Angle Reconstruction of Low-Dose Cardiac SPECT. 49-59 2023 MILLanD@MICCAI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44917-8_5 conf/miccai/2023milland db/conf/miccai/milland2023.html#ChenZXGLSL23 Xueqi Guo Luyao Shi Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Qiong Liu Huidong Xie Yi-Hwa Liu Richard Palyo Edward J. Miller Albert J. Sinusas Bruce Spottiswoode Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek TAI-GAN: Temporally and Anatomically Informed GAN for Early-to-Late Frame Conversion in Dynamic Cardiac PET Motion Correction. 64-74 2023 SASHIMI@MICCAI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44689-4_7 conf/sashimi-ws/2023 db/conf/sashimi-ws/sashimi2023.html#GuoSCZLXLPMSSLD23 Huidong Xie Bo Zhou 0009 Xiongchao Chen Xueqi Guo Stephanie Thorn Yi-Hwa Liu Ge Wang 0001 Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Transformer-Based Dual-Domain Network for Few-View Dedicated Cardiac SPECT Image Reconstructions. 163-172 2023 MICCAI (10) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43999-5_16 conf/miccai/2023-10 db/conf/miccai/miccai2023-10.html#XieZCGTLWSL23 Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Qiong Liu Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Cross-Domain Iterative Network for Simultaneous Denoising, Limited-Angle Reconstruction, and Attenuation Correction of Cardiac SPECT. 12-22 2023 MLMI@MICCAI (1) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45673-2_2 conf/mlmi-ws/2023-1 db/conf/mlmi-ws/mlmi2023-1.html#ChenZXGLSL23

Bo Zhou 0009 Yu-Jung Tsai Jiazhen Zhang Xueqi Guo Huidong Xie Xiongchao Chen Tianshun Miao Yihuan Lu James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 Fast-MC-PET: A Novel Deep Learning-aided Motion Correction and Reconstruction Framework for Accelerated PET. 2023 abs/2302.07135 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.07135 db/journals/corr/corr2302.html#abs-2302-07135

Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Qiong Liu Xiongchao Chen Xueqi Guo Zhicheng Feng S. Kevin Zhou Biao Li Axel Rominger Kuangyu Shi James S. Duncan Chi Liu 0001 FedFTN: Personalized Federated Learning with Deep Feature Transformation Network for Multi-institutional Low-count PET Denoising. 2023 abs/2304.00570 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.00570 db/journals/corr/corr2304.html#abs-2304-00570

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Qiong Liu Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Cross-domain Iterative Network for Simultaneous Denoising, Limited-angle Reconstruction, and Attenuation Correction of Low-dose Cardiac SPECT. 2023 abs/2305.10326 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.10326 db/journals/corr/corr2305.html#abs-2305-10326

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Qiong Liu Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Joint Denoising and Few-angle Reconstruction for Low-dose Cardiac SPECT Using a Dual-domain Iterative Network with Adaptive Data Consistency. 2023 abs/2305.10328 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.10328 db/journals/corr/corr2305.html#abs-2305-10328

Huidong Xie Bo Zhou 0009 Xiongchao Chen Xueqi Guo Stephanie Thorn Yi-Hwa Liu Ge Wang 0001 Albert J. Sinusas Chi Liu 0001 Transformer-based Dual-domain Network for Few-view Dedicated Cardiac SPECT Image Reconstructions. 2023 abs/2307.09624 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.09624 db/journals/corr/corr2307.html#abs-2307-09624

Xueqi Guo Luyao Shi Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Qiong Liu Huidong Xie Yi-Hwa Liu Richard Palyo Edward J. Miller Albert J. Sinusas Bruce Spottiswoode Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek TAI-GAN: Temporally and Anatomically Informed GAN for early-to-late frame conversion in dynamic cardiac PET motion correction. 2023 abs/2308.12443 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.12443 db/journals/corr/corr2308.html#abs-2308-12443

Xueqi Guo Bo Zhou 0009 David Pigg Bruce Spottiswoode Michael E. Casey Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek Unsupervised inter-frame motion correction for whole-body dynamic PET using convolutional long short-term memory in a convolutional neural network. 102524 2022 80 Medical Image Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102524 db/journals/mia/mia80.html#Guo0PSCLD22

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Jiazhen Zhang Albert J. Sinusas John A. Onofrey Chi Liu 0001 Dual-Branch Squeeze-Fusion-Excitation Module for Cross-Modality Registration of Cardiac SPECT and CT. 46-55 2022 MICCAI (6) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16446-0_5 conf/miccai/2022-6 db/conf/miccai/miccai2022-6.html#ChenZXGZSOL22 Xueqi Guo Bo Zhou 0009 Xiongchao Chen Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek MCP-Net: Inter-frame Motion Correction with Patlak Regularization for Whole-body Dynamic PET. 163-172 2022 MICCAI (4) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16440-8_16 conf/miccai/2022-4 db/conf/miccai/miccai2022-4.html#GuoZCLD22

Xueqi Guo Sule Tinaz Nicha C. Dvornek Early Disease Stage Characterization in Parkinson's Disease from Resting-state fMRI Data Using a Long Short-term Memory Network. 2022 abs/2202.12715 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12715 db/journals/corr/corr2202.html#abs-2202-12715

Xiongchao Chen Bo Zhou 0009 Huidong Xie Xueqi Guo Jiazhen Zhang Albert J. Sinusas John A. Onofrey Chi Liu 0001 Dual-Branch Squeeze-Fusion-Excitation Module for Cross-Modality Registration of Cardiac SPECT and CT. 2022 abs/2206.05278 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.05278 db/journals/corr/corr2206.html#abs-2206-05278

Xueqi Guo Bo Zhou 0009 David Pigg Bruce Spottiswoode Michael E. Casey Chi Liu 0001 Nicha C. Dvornek Unsupervised inter-frame motion correction for whole-body dynamic PET using convolutional long short-term memory in a convolutional neural network. 2022 abs/2206.06341 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.06341 db/journals/corr/corr2206.html#abs-2206-06341

Mohamad Abdi Alaa Alashi Hongyu An Ian S. Armstrong Ramsey Derek BadawiRamsey D. Badawi Joseph Bae Reimund Bayerlein Annemarie Boustani Richard E. Carson Michael E. Casey Mingkai Chen 0003Ming-Kai Chen 0003 Tianqi Chen Xiongchao Chen James S. Duncan Nicha C. Dvornek Sepehr Farhand Zhicheng Feng Jean-Dominique Gallezot Weijie Gan Liang Guo Gerardo HermosilloGerardo Hermosillo Valadez Jun Hou Kritika Iyer Anna K. Jerebko Wei Ji 0011 Ulugbek KamilovUlugbek S. Kamilov Kuan-Yin Ko Michal Kulon Biao Li Chi Liu 0001 Hui Liu Qiong Liu Yi-Hwa Liu Zhao Liu Yihuan Lu Tianshun Miao Edward J. Miller John A. Onofrey Richard Palyo Vladimir Y. Panin David Pigg Darko Pucar Axel Rominger Kuangyu Shi Luyao Shi Yoshihisa Shinagawa Albert J. Sinusas Benjamin A. Spencer Bruce Spottiswoode Lawrence H. Staib Stephanie Thorn Sule Tinaz Takuya Toyonaga Yu-Jung Tsai Alexandre Velo Der-Shiun Wang Ge Wang 0001 Hanzhong Wang Matthias Wolf 0001 Menghua Xia Huidong Xie Halid Yerebakan Halid Ziya Yerebakan Colin Young Jiazhen Zhang Bo Zhou 0009 Shaohua Kevin ZhouS. Kevin Zhou Yinchi Zhou