{"id":8587,"date":"2020-05-19T14:44:18","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T04:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/database.guide\/?p=8587"},"modified":"2020-05-28T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T03:42:20","slug":"how-sqlite-lower-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/database.guide\/how-sqlite-lower-works\/","title":{"rendered":"How SQLite Lower() Works"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The SQLite<\/a> lower()<\/code> function allows you to convert a string to lowercase characters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

More precisely, it returns a copy of its argument, with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Here’s a basic example to demonstrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SELECT lower('BLACK Cat');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
black cat<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Database Example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Here’s an example of using the lower()<\/code> function in a query against a database column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT \n  CatName,\n  lower(CatName)\nFROM Cats;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CatName     lower(CatName)\n----------  --------------\nBrush       brush         \nBrash       brash         \nBroosh      broosh        \n100%Fluff   100%fluff     \n100$Fluff   100$fluff     <\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Here, the left column contains the original value, and the right column contains those values converted to lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Number of Arguments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The lower()<\/code> function requires one, and only one, argument. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
If you provide no arguments, you’ll get an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT lower();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Error: wrong number of arguments to function lower()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
And if you provide too many arguments, you’ll also get an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SELECT lower('Black', 'Cat');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Error: wrong number of arguments to function lower()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Non-ASCII Characters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
As mentioned, lower()<\/code> only works on ASCII characters (the 26 letters used in the English language). SQLite only understands upper\/lower case for ASCII characters by default.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You can load the SQLite ICU extension<\/a> if you need to do case conversions on non-ASCII characters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The ICU based functions provided by this extension provide case mapping, where defined, for the full range of unicode characters.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The SQLite lower() function allows you to convert a string to lowercase characters. More precisely, it returns a copy of its argument, with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[93,67],"class_list":["post-8587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sqlite","tag-functions","tag-string-functions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8587"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8819,"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8587\/revisions\/8819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/database.guide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}