This Vanilla JavaScript code snippet helps you to create a snake 🐍 game. It uses HTML canvas element to draw snake game interface with all necessary features. Users can play the game using navigation (arrow up, down, left, and right) keys.<\/p>\n
1. First of all, load the following assets into the head tag of your HTML document.<\/p>\n
<script defer src=\"https:\/\/pro.fontawesome.com\/releases\/v5.10.0\/js\/all.js\" integrity=\"sha384-G\/ZR3ntz68JZrH4pfPJyRbjW+c0+ojii5f+GYiYwldYU69A+Ejat6yIfLSxljXxD\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\">\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@500;800&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><\/pre>\n2. After that, create the HTML structure for snake game as follows:<\/p>\n
<div class=\"container noselect\">\r\n <div class=\"wrapper\">\r\n <button id=\"replay\">\r\n <i class=\"fas fa-play\"><\/i>\r\n RESTART\r\n <\/button>\r\n <div id=\"canvas\">\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div id=\"ui\">\r\n <h2>SCORE\r\n <\/h2>\r\n <span id=\"score\">00<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div id=\"author\">\r\n <h1>SNAKE<\/h1> <span>by Fariat<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/pre>\n3. Style the snake game UI using the following CSS styles:<\/p>\n
@font-face {\r\n font-family: \"game\";\r\n src: url(\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@500;800&display=swap\");\r\n}\r\n* {\r\n padding: 0;\r\n margin: 0;\r\n box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\nbutton:focus {\r\n outline: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml,\r\nbody {\r\n height: 100%;\r\n font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif;\r\n color: #6e7888;\r\n}\r\nbody {\r\n background-color: #222738;\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n color: #6e7888;\r\n}\r\ncanvas {\r\n background-color: #181825;\r\n}\r\n.container {\r\n display: flex;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 100%;\r\n flex-flow: column wrap;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n}\r\n#ui {\r\n display: flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n font-size: 10px;\r\n flex-flow: column;\r\n margin-left: 10px;\r\n}\r\nh2 {\r\n font-weight: 200;\r\n transform: rotate(270deg);\r\n}\r\n#score {\r\n margin-top: 20px;\r\n font-size: 30px;\r\n font-weight: 800;\r\n}\r\n.noselect {\r\n user-select: none;\r\n}\r\n#replay {\r\n font-size: 10px;\r\n padding: 10px 20px;\r\n background: #6e7888;\r\n border: none;\r\n color: #222738;\r\n border-radius: 20px;\r\n font-weight: 800;\r\n transform: rotate(270deg);\r\n cursor: pointer;\r\n transition: all 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\r\n}\r\n#replay:hover {\r\n background: #a6aab5;\r\n background: #4cffd7;\r\n transition: all 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\r\n}\r\n#replay svg {\r\n margin-right: 8px;\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n #replay {\r\n margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n }\r\n #replay,\r\n h2 {\r\n transform: rotate(0deg);\r\n }\r\n #ui {\r\n flex-flow: row wrap;\r\n margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n }\r\n #score {\r\n margin-top: 0;\r\n margin-left: 20px;\r\n }\r\n .container {\r\n flex-flow: column wrap;\r\n }\r\n}\r\n#author {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n bottom: 40px;\r\n display: inline-flex;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n color: inherit;\r\n text-transform: uppercase;\r\n padding-left: 35px;\r\n}\r\n#author span {\r\n font-size: 10px;\r\n margin-left: 20px;\r\n color: inherit;\r\n letter-spacing: 4px;\r\n}\r\n#author h1 {\r\n font-size: 25px;\r\n}\r\n.wrapper {\r\n display: flex;\r\n flex-flow: row wrap;\r\n justify-content: center;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n}<\/pre>\n4. Finally, add the following JavaScript function before closing of the body tag.<\/p>\n
\/** \r\nThis is a snake game I made with Vanilla Javascript.\r\nFollow me on twitter @fariatondo\r\n**\/\r\n\r\nlet dom_replay = document.querySelector(\"#replay\");\r\nlet dom_score = document.querySelector(\"#score\");\r\nlet dom_canvas = document.createElement(\"canvas\");\r\ndocument.querySelector(\"#canvas\").appendChild(dom_canvas);\r\nlet CTX = dom_canvas.getContext(\"2d\");\r\n\r\nconst W = (dom_canvas.width = 400);\r\nconst H = (dom_canvas.height = 400);\r\n\r\nlet snake,\r\n food,\r\n currentHue,\r\n cells = 20,\r\n cellSize,\r\n isGameOver = false,\r\n tails = [],\r\n score = 00,\r\n maxScore = window.localStorage.getItem(\"maxScore\") || undefined,\r\n particles = [],\r\n splashingParticleCount = 20,\r\n cellsCount,\r\n requestID;\r\n\r\nlet helpers = {\r\n Vec: class {\r\n constructor(x, y) {\r\n this.x = x;\r\n this.y = y;\r\n }\r\n add(v) {\r\n this.x += v.x;\r\n this.y += v.y;\r\n return this;\r\n }\r\n mult(v) {\r\n if (v instanceof helpers.Vec) {\r\n this.x *= v.x;\r\n this.y *= v.y;\r\n return this;\r\n } else {\r\n this.x *= v;\r\n this.y *= v;\r\n return this;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n },\r\n isCollision(v1, v2) {\r\n return v1.x == v2.x && v1.y == v2.y;\r\n },\r\n garbageCollector() {\r\n for (let i = 0; i < particles.length; i++) {\r\n if (particles[i].size <= 0) {\r\n particles.splice(i, 1);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n },\r\n drawGrid() {\r\n CTX.lineWidth = 1.1;\r\n CTX.strokeStyle = \"#232332\";\r\n CTX.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n for (let i = 1; i < cells; i++) {\r\n let f = (W \/ cells) * i;\r\n CTX.beginPath();\r\n CTX.moveTo(f, 0);\r\n CTX.lineTo(f, H);\r\n CTX.stroke();\r\n CTX.beginPath();\r\n CTX.moveTo(0, f);\r\n CTX.lineTo(W, f);\r\n CTX.stroke();\r\n CTX.closePath();\r\n }\r\n },\r\n randHue() {\r\n return ~~(Math.random() * 360);\r\n },\r\n hsl2rgb(hue, saturation, lightness) {\r\n if (hue == undefined) {\r\n return [0, 0, 0];\r\n }\r\n let chroma = (1 - Math.abs(2 * lightness - 1)) * saturation;\r\n let huePrime = hue \/ 60;\r\n let secondComponent = chroma * (1 - Math.abs((huePrime % 2) - 1));\r\n\r\n huePrime = ~~huePrime;\r\n let red;\r\n let green;\r\n let blue;\r\n\r\n if (huePrime === 0) {\r\n red = chroma;\r\n green = secondComponent;\r\n blue = 0;\r\n } else if (huePrime === 1) {\r\n red = secondComponent;\r\n green = chroma;\r\n blue = 0;\r\n } else if (huePrime === 2) {\r\n red = 0;\r\n green = chroma;\r\n blue = secondComponent;\r\n } else if (huePrime === 3) {\r\n red = 0;\r\n green = secondComponent;\r\n blue = chroma;\r\n } else if (huePrime === 4) {\r\n red = secondComponent;\r\n green = 0;\r\n blue = chroma;\r\n } else if (huePrime === 5) {\r\n red = chroma;\r\n green = 0;\r\n blue = secondComponent;\r\n }\r\n\r\n let lightnessAdjustment = lightness - chroma \/ 2;\r\n red += lightnessAdjustment;\r\n green += lightnessAdjustment;\r\n blue += lightnessAdjustment;\r\n\r\n return [\r\n Math.round(red * 255),\r\n Math.round(green * 255),\r\n Math.round(blue * 255)\r\n ];\r\n },\r\n lerp(start, end, t) {\r\n return start * (1 - t) + end * t;\r\n }\r\n};\r\n\r\nlet KEY = {\r\n ArrowUp: false,\r\n ArrowRight: false,\r\n ArrowDown: false,\r\n ArrowLeft: false,\r\n resetState() {\r\n this.ArrowUp = false;\r\n this.ArrowRight = false;\r\n this.ArrowDown = false;\r\n this.ArrowLeft = false;\r\n },\r\n listen() {\r\n addEventListener(\r\n \"keydown\",\r\n (e) => {\r\n if (e.key === \"ArrowUp\" && this.ArrowDown) return;\r\n if (e.key === \"ArrowDown\" && this.ArrowUp) return;\r\n if (e.key === \"ArrowLeft\" && this.ArrowRight) return;\r\n if (e.key === \"ArrowRight\" && this.ArrowLeft) return;\r\n this[e.key] = true;\r\n Object.keys(this)\r\n .filter((f) => f !== e.key && f !== \"listen\" && f !== \"resetState\")\r\n .forEach((k) => {\r\n this[k] = false;\r\n });\r\n },\r\n false\r\n );\r\n }\r\n};\r\n\r\nclass Snake {\r\n constructor(i, type) {\r\n this.pos = new helpers.Vec(W \/ 2, H \/ 2);\r\n this.dir = new helpers.Vec(0, 0);\r\n this.type = type;\r\n this.index = i;\r\n this.delay = 5;\r\n this.size = W \/ cells;\r\n this.color = \"white\";\r\n this.history = [];\r\n this.total = 1;\r\n }\r\n draw() {\r\n let { x, y } = this.pos;\r\n CTX.fillStyle = this.color;\r\n CTX.shadowBlur = 20;\r\n CTX.shadowColor = \"rgba(255,255,255,.3 )\";\r\n CTX.fillRect(x, y, this.size, this.size);\r\n CTX.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n if (this.total >= 2) {\r\n for (let i = 0; i < this.history.length - 1; i++) {\r\n let { x, y } = this.history[i];\r\n CTX.lineWidth = 1;\r\n CTX.fillStyle = \"rgba(225,225,225,1)\";\r\n CTX.fillRect(x, y, this.size, this.size);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n walls() {\r\n let { x, y } = this.pos;\r\n if (x + cellSize > W) {\r\n this.pos.x = 0;\r\n }\r\n if (y + cellSize > W) {\r\n this.pos.y = 0;\r\n }\r\n if (y < 0) {\r\n this.pos.y = H - cellSize;\r\n }\r\n if (x < 0) {\r\n this.pos.x = W - cellSize;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n controlls() {\r\n let dir = this.size;\r\n if (KEY.ArrowUp) {\r\n this.dir = new helpers.Vec(0, -dir);\r\n }\r\n if (KEY.ArrowDown) {\r\n this.dir = new helpers.Vec(0, dir);\r\n }\r\n if (KEY.ArrowLeft) {\r\n this.dir = new helpers.Vec(-dir, 0);\r\n }\r\n if (KEY.ArrowRight) {\r\n this.dir = new helpers.Vec(dir, 0);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n selfCollision() {\r\n for (let i = 0; i < this.history.length; i++) {\r\n let p = this.history[i];\r\n if (helpers.isCollision(this.pos, p)) {\r\n isGameOver = true;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n update() {\r\n this.walls();\r\n this.draw();\r\n this.controlls();\r\n if (!this.delay--) {\r\n if (helpers.isCollision(this.pos, food.pos)) {\r\n incrementScore();\r\n particleSplash();\r\n food.spawn();\r\n this.total++;\r\n }\r\n this.history[this.total - 1] = new helpers.Vec(this.pos.x, this.pos.y);\r\n for (let i = 0; i < this.total - 1; i++) {\r\n this.history[i] = this.history[i + 1];\r\n }\r\n this.pos.add(this.dir);\r\n this.delay = 5;\r\n this.total > 3 ? this.selfCollision() : null;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Food {\r\n constructor() {\r\n this.pos = new helpers.Vec(\r\n ~~(Math.random() * cells) * cellSize,\r\n ~~(Math.random() * cells) * cellSize\r\n );\r\n this.color = currentHue = `hsl(${~~(Math.random() * 360)},100%,50%)`;\r\n this.size = cellSize;\r\n }\r\n draw() {\r\n let { x, y } = this.pos;\r\n CTX.globalCompositeOperation = \"lighter\";\r\n CTX.shadowBlur = 20;\r\n CTX.shadowColor = this.color;\r\n CTX.fillStyle = this.color;\r\n CTX.fillRect(x, y, this.size, this.size);\r\n CTX.globalCompositeOperation = \"source-over\";\r\n CTX.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n }\r\n spawn() {\r\n let randX = ~~(Math.random() * cells) * this.size;\r\n let randY = ~~(Math.random() * cells) * this.size;\r\n for (let path of snake.history) {\r\n if (helpers.isCollision(new helpers.Vec(randX, randY), path)) {\r\n return this.spawn();\r\n }\r\n }\r\n this.color = currentHue = `hsl(${helpers.randHue()}, 100%, 50%)`;\r\n this.pos = new helpers.Vec(randX, randY);\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass Particle {\r\n constructor(pos, color, size, vel) {\r\n this.pos = pos;\r\n this.color = color;\r\n this.size = Math.abs(size \/ 2);\r\n this.ttl = 0;\r\n this.gravity = -0.2;\r\n this.vel = vel;\r\n }\r\n draw() {\r\n let { x, y } = this.pos;\r\n let hsl = this.color\r\n .split(\"\")\r\n .filter((l) => l.match(\/[^hsl()$% ]\/g))\r\n .join(\"\")\r\n .split(\",\")\r\n .map((n) => +n);\r\n let [r, g, b] = helpers.hsl2rgb(hsl[0], hsl[1] \/ 100, hsl[2] \/ 100);\r\n CTX.shadowColor = `rgb(${r},${g},${b},${1})`;\r\n CTX.shadowBlur = 0;\r\n CTX.globalCompositeOperation = \"lighter\";\r\n CTX.fillStyle = `rgb(${r},${g},${b},${1})`;\r\n CTX.fillRect(x, y, this.size, this.size);\r\n CTX.globalCompositeOperation = \"source-over\";\r\n }\r\n update() {\r\n this.draw();\r\n this.size -= 0.3;\r\n this.ttl += 1;\r\n this.pos.add(this.vel);\r\n this.vel.y -= this.gravity;\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction incrementScore() {\r\n score++;\r\n dom_score.innerText = score.toString().padStart(2, \"0\");\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction particleSplash() {\r\n for (let i = 0; i < splashingParticleCount; i++) {\r\n let vel = new helpers.Vec(Math.random() * 6 - 3, Math.random() * 6 - 3);\r\n let position = new helpers.Vec(food.pos.x, food.pos.y);\r\n particles.push(new Particle(position, currentHue, food.size, vel));\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction clear() {\r\n CTX.clearRect(0, 0, W, H);\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction initialize() {\r\n CTX.imageSmoothingEnabled = false;\r\n KEY.listen();\r\n cellsCount = cells * cells;\r\n cellSize = W \/ cells;\r\n snake = new Snake();\r\n food = new Food();\r\n dom_replay.addEventListener(\"click\", reset, false);\r\n loop();\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction loop() {\r\n clear();\r\n if (!isGameOver) {\r\n requestID = setTimeout(loop, 1000 \/ 60);\r\n helpers.drawGrid();\r\n snake.update();\r\n food.draw();\r\n for (let p of particles) {\r\n p.update();\r\n }\r\n helpers.garbageCollector();\r\n } else {\r\n clear();\r\n gameOver();\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction gameOver() {\r\n maxScore ? null : (maxScore = score);\r\n score > maxScore ? (maxScore = score) : null;\r\n window.localStorage.setItem(\"maxScore\", maxScore);\r\n CTX.fillStyle = \"#4cffd7\";\r\n CTX.textAlign = \"center\";\r\n CTX.font = \"bold 30px Poppins, sans-serif\";\r\n CTX.fillText(\"GAME OVER\", W \/ 2, H \/ 2);\r\n CTX.font = \"15px Poppins, sans-serif\";\r\n CTX.fillText(`SCORE ${score}`, W \/ 2, H \/ 2 + 60);\r\n CTX.fillText(`MAXSCORE ${maxScore}`, W \/ 2, H \/ 2 + 80);\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction reset() {\r\n dom_score.innerText = \"00\";\r\n score = \"00\";\r\n snake = new Snake();\r\n food.spawn();\r\n KEY.resetState();\r\n isGameOver = false;\r\n clearTimeout(requestID);\r\n loop();\r\n}\r\n\r\ninitialize();<\/pre>\nThat’s all! hopefully, you have successfully created snake game using JavaScript. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to comment below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This Vanilla JavaScript code snippet helps you to create a snake 🐍 game. It uses HTML canvas element to draw…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7553,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vanilla-javascript"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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