
{"id":262461,"date":"2007-12-25T19:42:25","date_gmt":"2007-12-25T19:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/%d7%9c%d7%9c%d7%90-%d7%a7%d7%98%d7%92%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%94\/the-rebbes-rosh-hashanah\/"},"modified":"2024-09-26T08:58:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T05:58:17","slug":"the-rebbes-rosh-hashanah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/262461\/","title":{"rendered":"The Rebbe&#8217;s Rosh Hashanah"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\"><b>Historical Overview<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rebbe Nachman once declared: <i>&#8220;Gohr mein zach is Rosh Hashanah . . . <\/i>My entire mission is Rosh Hashanah.&#8221; He was particularly emphatic about his followers coming to him for Rosh Hashanah, and indicated on his last Rosh Hashanah in Uman that we should continue to do so even after his death (<i>Chayei Moharan <\/i>403-406; <i>Likkutei Moharan <\/i>I, 211; ibid. II, 94; <i>Kuntres &#8220;Ha-Rosh Hashanah Sheli,&#8221; <\/i>citing numerous additional sources).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">There is a Breslover saying: Everyone declares <i>&#8220;Ha-Melekh&#8221; <\/i>on Rosh Hashanah \u2212 but the coronation is in Uman! (Rabbi Shmuel Horowitz, <i>Tzion ha-Metzuyenes, Hakdamah<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Reb Avraham Sternhartz had a tradition that Reb Nosson once remarked, &#8220;Even if the road to Uman were paved with knives, I would crawl there \u2212 just to be with Rebbe Nachman for Rosh Hashanah.&#8221; This is also cited by Reb Avraham ben Nachman Chazan (<i>Tovos Zichronos<\/i>, p. 137; cf. <i>Kokhvei Ohr, Anshei Moharan, <\/i>3 [Jerusalem 1983 ed.] p. 69).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Reb Nosson also said, &#8220;Whoever comes to Rebbe Nachman&#8217;s burial place in Uman for Rosh Hashanah has a share in bringing the Redemption&#8221; (<i>Kokhvei Ohr, Anshei Moharan, <\/i>4 [Jerusalem 1983 ed.] p. 69).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The Rebbe once told his followers: &#8220;Whether you eat or you don&#8217;t eat, whether you sleep or you don&#8217;t sleep, whether you <i>daven <\/i>[with proper concentration] or you don&#8217;t <i>daven <\/i>\u2212 just make sure that you are with me for Rosh Hashanah!&#8221; (<i>Chayei Moharan <\/i>404).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rebbe Nachman promised: &#8220;I have already looked after the traveling expenses of my people who come to me for Rosh Hashanah \u2212 and also their expenses for the return trip.&#8221; He also added, &#8220;<i>Bie mir, hott nokh keiner nisht derlaygt <\/i>. . . With me, nobody has lost out yet!&#8221;(Cf. <i>Si&#8217;ach Sarfei Kodesh <\/i>II, 27, 28).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In 1929, when the borders between Poland and the Ukraine were closed, the Breslover Chassidim of Poland wrote to Rabbi Shimshon Barsky in Uman, asking if they could establish their own <i>kibbutz, <\/i>or gathering for Rosh Hashanah. Reb Shimshon told them that he would consult Rabbi Avraham Sternhartz on this important question. Eventually the two Breslover elders assented to the establishment of a Breslover <i>kibbutz <\/i>in Lublin for Rosh Hashanah, which for a time was hosted by Rabbi Meir Shapiro in the Chakhmei Lublin Yeshiva. However, this gathering was meant as a temporary measure, not as a substitute for going to Uman. &#8220;The Rebbe&#8217;s Rosh Hashanah is only in Uman,&#8221; they cautioned. With these words, Reb Shimshon and Reb Avraham reiterated the central importance of going specifically to the <i>tzaddik <\/i>on Rosh Hashanah. Yet the Lubliner<i> kibbutz <\/i>became a precedent for other such Breslov gatherings in the decades to come, when the &#8220;Iron Curtain&#8221; closed on Uman and the Ukraine (See <i>She&#8217;aris Yisrael, Mikhtav <\/i>62).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">From the mid-1930s until the late 1980s, it was virtually impossible to travel to Uman (with only a few rare exceptions to this rule). Therefore, Breslover Chassidim would gather in various core communities in order to pray together on Rosh Hashanah and not forget the <i>&#8216;inyan <\/i>of &#8220;The Rebbe&#8217;s Rosh Hashanah&#8221; entirely. As time passed, some well meaning individuals in Eretz Yisrael developed the rationale that it was enough to pray with other Breslover Chassidim on Rosh Hashanah. They felt that the Breslover <i>kibbutz<\/i> in Yerushalayim had effectively replaced Uman. They justified this by arguing that the<i> kibbutz <\/i>need only be in a <i>shul <\/i>that was <i>nikra al shemo, <\/i>i.e. it bore the Rebbe&#8217;s name.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Others misinterpreted certain statements in Breslover <i>seforim <\/i>about reciting <i>Tikkun haKlali, <\/i>etc., near the grave of the <i>tzaddik <\/i>on Erev Rosh Hashanah, taking these remarks to mean that being with the <i>tzaddik <\/i>on Erev Rosh Hashanah was the main thing<i>.<\/i> However, Reb Avraham had brought proofs that a Breslover Chassid must actually go to the <i>tzaddik <\/i>in order to be with him on Rosh Hashanah, and everything else is secondary. The question was: if one cannot go to Uman, is there any alternative?<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Beginning in the late 1930s, when Reb Avraham Sternhartz came to Eretz Yisrael, he and his initial group of <i>talmidim <\/i>began to travel to Meron for Rosh Hashanah, in order to pray near the grave of the holy <i>Tanna <\/i>and author of the <i>Zohar, <\/i>Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai. Given the deep connection between the Rebbe and Reb Shimon, which pervades all of Breslov literature, Reb Avraham understood that one who cannot go to Uman to be with the Rebbe should go to Meron. To be sure, Reb Shimon is called the<i> &#8220;tzaddik yesod &#8216;olam.&#8221; <\/i>Moreover, based on numerous <i>mesorahs <\/i>from Reb Noson&#8217;s <i>talmidim<\/i>, it was Reb Avraham&#8217;s conviction that through Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai one may spiritually bind himself to the Rebbe and his <i>tikkunim.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">(These ideas are presented by Reb Avraham in his <i>Kuntres &#8220;Imros Tehoros,&#8221; <\/i>printed together with his oral traditions, <i>Tovos Zichronos<\/i>, and formalized by Rabbi Shmuel Moshe Kramer of Jerusalem, <i>Kuntres &#8220;Chadi Rabbi Shimon.&#8221; <\/i>This work provides a number of historical precedents for Breslover Chassidim going to Reb Shimon on Rosh Hashanah; also see <i>Si&#8217;ach Sarfei Kodesh<\/i> I, 234, <i>&#8220;Ksav Yad ha-Rav mi-Tcherin,&#8221; <\/i>regarding the connection between Rabbi Shimon and Rebbe Nachman. Reb Avraham ben Nachman states: &#8220;Our entire hope for the imminent Final Redemption in these times, which are the &#8220;heels of the Mashiach,&#8221; is through the <i>tikkunim <\/i>of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and the Rebbe, of blessed memory, which they accomplished on the day of their passing from the world.&#8221; He also states: &#8220;Through our rejoicing and our love and our unity as a result of our connection to the soul of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai \u2212 through this specifically we derive the ability to draw and receive from the <i>&#8216;Nachal Novea&#8217; <\/i>[&#8220;Flowing Brook,&#8221; a euphemism for the Rebbe]\u2026&#8221; cited in <i>Chadi Rabbi Shimon<\/i>, p. 4.)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rabbi Elazar Kenig pointed out that because of Rabbi Avraham Sternhartz&#8217;s clear <i>da&#8217;at, <\/i>the <i>&#8216;inyan <\/i>of traveling specifically to the <i>tzaddik <\/i>was not lost. After Rabbi Sternhart&#8217;z passing, Rabbi Gedaliah Kenig and Reb Avraham&#8217;s other <i>talmidim <\/i>carried on his legacy by continuing to travel to Meron for Rosh Hashanah. They did so with tremendous self sacrifice<i>, <\/i>and did not exchange the <i>&#8216;inyan <\/i>of <i>kibbutz, <\/i>which is secondary, with the <i>&#8216;inyan <\/i>of <i>tzaddik, <\/i>which is primary.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Many decades later during the late 1980s, through Hashem&#8217;s great kindness, it again became possible to travel to the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun. <\/i>The same questions were still a source of heated debate. Not everyone initially agreed that the <i>&#8216;olam <\/i>should travel from Eretz Yisrael and all points on the globe in order to be in Uman on Rosh Hashanah. However, eventually these confusions and ideological conflicts subsided, and today the Uman gathering is bigger than ever.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Unsure if he would be able to go to Uman or Meron, someone from Brooklyn, NY, once asked Reb Elazar Kenig if it would be better to pray on Rosh Hashanah with a living<i> tzaddik, <\/i>such as another Chassidic Rebbe, or if he should <i>daven <\/i>with the local Breslov<i> minyan<\/i>. Rav Kenig replied that if one were prevented from going to Uman or Meron, God forbid, it would be better to <i>daven <\/i>in a local Breslov <i>minyan <\/i>on Rosh Hashanah. At least this is an expression of the desire to go to the Rebbe for Rosh Hashanah. Yet a committed Breslover should not opt for this except when there is no other choice.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\"><b>Erev Rosh Hashanah<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">One should arrive well before the <i>selichot <\/i>of Erev Rosh Hashanah (<i>&#8220;Zekhor Bris&#8221;<\/i>), and leave soon after Rosh Hashanah. <i>&#8220;Zekhor Bris&#8221; <\/i>is an important part of the preparation for Rosh Hashanah. This reflects the drawing forth of illumination preliminary to the revelation of the light itself, a concept that pervades the writings of the ARI <i>zal.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In Uman, the lengthy <i>selichot <\/i>of <i>&#8220;Zekhor Bris&#8221; <\/i>begin at 3:00 AM. Many immerse in a <i>mikveh<\/i> prior to this. Following the conclusion of <i>selichot, <\/i>one washes one&#8217;s hands for <i>Shacharit,<\/i> and then <i>davens at sunrise<\/i>. After <i>Shacharit <\/i>most of the <i>&#8216;olam <\/i>performs <i>hatorat nedorim (<\/i>annulment of vows<i>).<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">If one has the strength, it is proper to fast on Erev Rosh Hashanah. However, most Breslovers do so only until noon (<i>Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chaim <\/i>581:2; <i>Kokhvei Ohr, Anshei Moharan, &#8220;Yesodos ha-&#8216;Ikkariyim,&#8221; <\/i>34 [p. 79]; cf. <i>Si&#8217;ach Sarfei Kodesh <\/i>II, 565).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">It is customary to recite <i>Tikkun Haklali <\/i>on Erev Rosh Hashanah, preferably beside Rebbe Nachman&#8217;s grave site. It is beneficial to do so even if one is not in Uman.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Once, on Erev Rosh Hashanah in the morning, Reb Nosson&#8217;s son, Reb Yitzchok, was not well and asked his father if he could eat something before going to the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun<\/i>, so that he would have the strength to express himself more fervently. Reb Nosson told Reb Yitzchok that he should do the best he could \u2212 as long as it was before breaking his fast (See <i>Kokhvei Ohr, Anshei Moharan, &#8220;Yesodos ha-&#8216;Ikkariyim,&#8221; <\/i>33 (p. 79); cf. <i>Si&#8217;ach Sarfei Kodesh <\/i>II, 565, for a slightly different version of this oral tradition).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">On Erev Rosh Hashanah, one should go to the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun <\/i>(or in Meron to the <i>tziyun<\/i> of Reb Shimon) to recite <i>vidu&#8217;i devarim<\/i>\/confession of sins. There was a period when the Chassidim did so in the Rebbe&#8217;s presence. However, the Rebbe eventually curtailed this practice. Today one recites the confession verbally, but in private. One should try to detail one&#8217;s sins and transgressions, going back as far as one can remember, asking Hashem for forgiveness and the chance to make a fresh start in life.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">On Erev Rosh Hashanah when the Rebbe was alive, the Chassidim recited <i>vidu&#8217;I devarim<\/i>\/confession of sins in his presence. Today, too, one does so at the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun, <\/i>in keeping with the principle that &#8220;the <i>tzaddikim <\/i>after death are called &#8216;living&#8217; <i>(Berakhos <\/i>18a). One should recite the confession verbally (although not audibly to others), trying to detail one&#8217;s sins and transgressions as far back as one can remember, and ask Hashem for forgiveness and the chance to make a fresh start in life. As a result of this <i>&#8216;avodah<\/i>, one may hope and be assured that the Rebbe, like a living teacher, will guide him along the correct path of <i>teshuvah, <\/i>each person according to the root of his soul. (Confession is a basic part of <i>teshuvah<\/i>; see <i>Yoma <\/i>35b-37a; <i>Mishneh Torah, Hilchos Teshuvah<\/i> 1:1-2, et al. The <i>tikkun <\/i>of <i>vidu&#8217;i devarim <\/i>in the presence of a <i>tzaddik <\/i>is discussed in <i>Likkutei Moharan <\/i>I, 4. There it states that the <i>tzaddik <\/i>who has attained total self-nullification like Moshe Rabbenu (Moses) can bring about the cleansing of sin.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The Tcheriner Rav, <i>Parpara&#8217;os le-Chokhmah, <\/i>ad loc., mentions the custom of reciting <i>vidu&#8217;i <\/i>at the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun. <\/i>However, this <i>&#8216;avodah <\/i>is not limited to Erev Rosh Hashanah and Uman<i>. <\/i>One who cannot go to the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun <\/i>may also be privy to this <i>tikkun <\/i>by reciting confession <i>be-hiskashrus <\/i>to the <i>tzaddik<\/i>; see <i>Likkutei Tefilos <\/i>I, 4 [in more recent editions, subsection 32, et passim].)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Someone once asked Reb Elazar Kenig about the origin of the custom to remove one&#8217;s leather shoes when standing near the grave of a <i>tzaddik<\/i>. Reb Elazar explained that this is an expression of <i>yirah <\/i>(reverence). The Torah states that when Moshe Rabbeinu drew near to the <i>sneh <\/i>(Burning Bush), he was told to remove his shoes. This is evidently the source of this custom, which is followed by many Russian and Ukrainian Chassidim, including those of Chernobyl, Skver, Lubavitch, and Karlin-Stolin. It may have once been followed by Breslover Chassidim, as well. However, if we once had such a <i>mesorah<\/i>, it seems to have been lost. Moreover, the area surrounding the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun <\/i>no longer has the status of a cemetery<i>, <\/i>and in recent years a <i>shul <\/i>has been built next to it. People wear their shoes there, as in any public place. Therefore, when the questioner asked if one should remove his shoes at the Rebbe&#8217;s <i>tziyun<\/i>, Reb Elazar answered in the negative, adding that as a rule<i>, <\/i>one should not do things that look strange to other people. Yet we should have the same <i>yirah <\/i>that lies at the root of this <i>minhag.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rabbi Avraham Sternhartz used to recite <i>Likkutei Tefillos, Tefillah <\/i>13, on Erev Rosh Hashanah. (This <i>tefillah <\/i>is based on <i>Likkutei Moharan <\/i>I, 13, one of the Rebbe&#8217;s major Rosh Hashanah lessons.)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rebbe Nachman said than on Erev Rosh Hashanah, one should give a <i>pidyon nefesh, <\/i>an unspecified amount of <i>tzedakah <\/i>appropriate to the individual&#8217;s financial circumstances.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The main rule in determining how much to give is that minimally it should be an amount that one feels is significant \u2212 that is, one should feel the &#8220;pinch.&#8221; For one person, this may be $5, for another, $5,000. It is also proper to write a <i>kvittel <\/i>with one&#8217;s name and mother&#8217;s name, as well as those of family members and others. In the Rebbe&#8217;s day, the<i> pidyon nefesh <\/i>was given to him personally. Today it is given to a Breslover elder or teacher. As in most Chassidic circles, it is customary to write the <i>kvittel <\/i>on plain white paper. (See <i>Sichos ha-Ran <\/i>214)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000080;\"><b>Rosh Hashanah<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">It is a <em>Yerushalmi <\/em>custom to wear a white <i>caftan <\/i>on Rosh Hashanah, both by day and by night. In recent years, this has also become the prevailing Breslover custom in Uman and Meron. Those who do not wear a <i>Yerushalmi caftan <\/i>commonly wear a regular <i>kittel, <\/i>as on Yom Kippur. However, Breslover Chassidim of previous generations did not wear a white <i>caftan <\/i>or <i>kittel <\/i>on Rosh Hashanah.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">It is an old Breslover custom for everyone to clap when the <i>shaliach tzibbur<\/i> (Cantor) intones <i>&#8220;Ha-Melekh&#8221; <\/i>toward the end of <i>Pesukei de-Zimra, <\/i>at the end of <i>&#8220;Keter Melukhah,&#8221; <\/i>and at a few other points in the service. This is an expression of our joy at participating in the &#8220;coronation&#8221; of Hashem (so to speak).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Bender states that on Rosh Hashanah and during the <i>&#8216;Aseret Yemei Teshuvah <\/i>in Uman, the <i>Shir ha-Ma&#8217;alot <\/i>after <i>Yishtabach <\/i>was recited all at once, not responsively verse by verse. This was a regional <i>minhag, <\/i>which is still observed by Skverer Chassidim, among others. Similarly, after <i>Ma&#8217;ariv <\/i>during the <i>Yomim Nora&#8217;im, <\/i>it was customary to recite <i>Li-Dovid Mizmor <\/i>all at once, not verse by verse. However, today in Uman and Meron both psalms are recited verse by verse, as in most communities. (<i>Si&#8217;ach Sarfei Kodesh <\/i>IV, 230)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">On the Yomim Nora&#8217;im, the ARI <i>zal <\/i>would say the <i>piyyutim <\/i>in <i>Birkhas Kri&#8217;as Shema&#8217;<\/i>, while the Baal Shem Tov would not. The Breslov community takes an in-between position, reciting some of them. However, more <i>piyyutim <\/i>are recited in this part of the service on Yom Kippur than on Rosh Hashanah (Re. the ARI <i>zal <\/i>and Baal Shem Tov, see <i>Shulchan ha-Tahor <\/i>[Komarno] 68, s.k. 1-2).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In the passage from <i>Shemoneh Esreh <\/i>that begins <i>&#8220;U-vekhein tein pachdekha,&#8221; <\/i>the ARI<i> zal <\/i>omitted the word <i>&#8220;ki&#8217;mo&#8221; <\/i>that precedes <i>&#8220;sheyad&#8217;anu.&#8221; <\/i>However, in Uman and Meron, the <i>minhag <\/i>followed by the <i>shaliach tzibbur <\/i>is to say the word <i>&#8220;ki&#8217;mo,&#8221; <\/i>as printed in most<i> machzorim.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">(For the view of the ARI <i>zal, <\/i>see Rabbi Chaim Vital, <i>Sha&#8217;ar ha-Kavannos, Drushei Rosh Hashanah, Drush <\/i>6. The <i>nusach &#8220;kimo&#8221; <\/i>is supported by <i>Tur, Machzor Vitry<\/i>; also see <i>Likkutei MaHaRiCH <\/i>III, p. 612.)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The <i>minhag <\/i>followed by the <i>shaliach tzibbur <\/i>in Uman and Meron is to say &#8220;<i>ki-&#8216;ashan<\/i>,&#8221; not &#8220;<i>bi-&#8216;ashan,<\/i>&#8221; during the <i>Shemoneh Esreh<\/i>. (<i>Siddur Rav &#8216;Amram Gaon; Kol Bo; MaHaRiL; Matteh Moshe; Siddur ha-RaMaK; Minhagei ha-GRA; Shulchan ha-Tahor<\/i>\u2212<i>Komarno; Siddur Magen Avraham<\/i>\u2212<i>Slonim<\/i>; et al. Alternatively, the<i> nusach &#8220;bi-&#8216;ashan,&#8221; <\/i>based on <i>Tehillim <\/i>37:20, is supported by <i>Abudarham, Siddur ha-Ya&#8217;avetz; Pri Chadash; Siddur ha-Rav Baal ha-Tanya; Siddur Tefillah Yesharah<\/i>\u2212<i>Berditchev; Chayei Adam<\/i> 139:3; <i>Matteh Ephraim; Ru&#8217;ach Chaim; Siddur Kavannos ha-RaSHaSH; <\/i>et al. This is one of the rare instances in which Rabbi Chaim Elazar Spira of Munkatch resorts to a double expression, saying both <i>&#8220;bi-&#8216;ashan&#8221; <\/i>and <i>&#8220;ki-&#8216;ashan&#8221;<\/i>; see <i>Darkhei Chaim vi-Shalom, Rosh Hashanah <\/i>711, ff. 10; also <i>Likkutei MaHaRiCH <\/i>III, p. 613.)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Rebbe Nachman said that one should limit one&#8217;s speech on Rosh Hashanah. Therefore, it is proper to refrain from small talk, and concentrate on words of Torah and <i>tefillah, <\/i>each person according to his ability. Many Breslover Chassidim do not engage in any casual speech at all on the first night, when the heavenly judgment is most severe. Some maintain silence until the second day after Musaf. Still others restrict themselves until the end of Rosh Hashanah. In any case, one should be extremely careful in matters of speech on Rosh Hashanah, as well as at all times (See <i>Sichos ha-Ran <\/i>21).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The Rebbe taught that by traveling to the <i>tzaddik <\/i>for Rosh Hashanah, the &#8220;head of the year,&#8221; we could attain purification of the mind. This, too, mitigates harsh judgments. However, he added, we must use wisdom on Rosh Hashanah and think positive thoughts \u2212 for what we think about on Rosh Hashanah is potent (<i>Likkutei Moharan <\/i>I, 211; <i>Sichos ha-Ran <\/i>21).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In keeping with the <i>minhag <\/i>presented in the <i>Shulchan Arukh, <\/i>Breslover Chassidim are accustomed to say a <i>&#8220;yehi ratzon&#8221; <\/i>on various <i>simanim tovim <\/i>at the beginning of the meal, as stated in the <i>machzor<\/i> (<i>Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chaim <\/i>583:1; also see <i>Darkei Moshe<\/i>, ad loc., citing Maharil; Abudarham,<i>&nbsp; Seder Arvis shel Rosh Hashanah, <\/i>pp. 265-266. The Gemara mentions this custom in <i>Horayos<\/i> 12a and <i>Kerisos <\/i>6a.)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Prior to the other <i>simanim, <\/i>one dips a slice of apple in honey and asks Hashem for a<i> &#8220;shanah tovah u-metukah,&#8221; <\/i>a good and sweet year<i>. <\/i>The <i>&#8220;yehi ratzon&#8221; <\/i>is recited after tasting the apple, to avoid a <i>hefsek &#8212;<\/i>interruption between the blessing and eating(<i>Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chaim <\/i>583:1, RaMaH; <i>Mishnah Berurah, <\/i>ad loc., s.k. 3. This is the prevailing custom in most communities today. However, cf. Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi,<i> Shulchan Arukh ha-Rav, Orach Chaim <\/i>III-IV, <i>Hosafos: Kiddush le-Rosh Hashanah<\/i>, that the custom of Chabad is to recite the <i>&#8220;yehi ratzon&#8221; <\/i>after the <i>berakhah <\/i>but before tasting the fruit. A precedent for this may be found in the commentary on the <i>machzor, Ma&#8217;agley Tzedek<\/i>, which cites this as the common <i>minhag <\/i>in sixteenth century Poland, White Russia, and Lithuania.)<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">After reciting <i>&#8220;ha-motzi,&#8221; <\/i>one also dips the <i>challah <\/i>in honey, beginning on the first night of Rosh Hashanah and continuing until the end of Sukkos. Reb Elazar dips the <i>challah<\/i> first in salt and then in honey (<i>Ibid<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">It is the Breslov custom to recite <i>tashlich <\/i>at the end of the first day of Rosh Hashanah (if possible), not later during the <i>&#8216;Aseret Yemei Teshuvah. <\/i>The ARI <i>zal <\/i>states that one should preferably perform <i>tashlich <\/i>on the outskirts of town. The Rebbe used to go to the Bug River in Breslov. In Meron, Rabbi Avraham Sternhartz used to walk down the steep hill from the synagogue atop Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai&#8217;s grave to Megiddo. Once he could not walk back up the hill, so one of the younger men carried him on his shoulders. On another occasion, Rabbi Avraham Sternhartz stopped part of the way, and delivered his Rosh Hashanah lesson from <i>Likkutei Moharan <\/i>by heart, right then and there (Re. the ARI <i>zal<\/i>, see Rabbi Chaim Vital, <i>Sha&#8217;ar ha-Kavannos, Drushei Rosh Hashanah, <\/i>90b).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In Uman, <i>tashlich <\/i>is recited beside the reservoir down the hill from the Kloiz. The entire body of water is surrounded by many thousands of Chassidim. In previous generations, it was not customary to sing or dance after <i>tashlich<\/i>. However, today the joy of being part of the &#8220;Rebbe&#8217;s Rosh Hashanah&#8221; is irrepressible, and many Chassidim do so.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">On the second night of Rosh Hashanah following <i>tashlich, <\/i>it is customary for various Breslover teachers to give <i>shiurim <\/i>in <i>Likkutei Moharan. <\/i>This is when the Rebbe delivered his Rosh Hashanah lesson every year.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">After the conclusion of <i>Ma&#8217;ariv <\/i>of <i>Motza&#8217;ei <\/i>Rosh Hashanah, the Chassidim join hands and dance<i>. <\/i>This <i>rikkud <\/i>usually concludes with the Yiddish song: <i>&#8220;Tirer brieder, hartziger brieder, ven veht men zich vieter zehn? Ven veht men zich vieder zehn? Az Gott veht geb&#8217;n gezundt un lebben <\/i>\u2212 <i>veht men zich vieter zehn . . . <\/i>Dear brothers, beloved brothers, when will we see each other for longer? When will we see each other again? When God will give health and life \u2212 then we will see each other again!&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">***<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><em>Used with permission from the <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"http:\/\/nachalnovea.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nachal Novea Mekor Chochma<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> <br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historical Overview Rebbe Nachman once declared: &#8220;Gohr mein zach is Rosh Hashanah . . . My entire mission is Rosh Hashanah.&#8221; He was particularly emphatic about his followers coming to him for Rosh Hashanah, and indicated on his last Rosh Hashanah in Uman that we should continue to do so even after his death (Chayei &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/breslev.com\/262461\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;The Rebbe&#8217;s Rosh Hashanah&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62109,"featured_media":4045555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15324,15136],"tags":[16407,16730,16632,86520,16386,16394,16367],"author_post":[14412],"new_serie":[],"class_list":["post-262461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rosh-hashanah","category-uman","tag-breslever-chassidus","tag-breslov-customs-and-practices","tag-confession","tag-hitkashrut-binding-oneself-to-the-tzaddik","tag-rosh-hashanah","tag-rebbe-nachman","tag-uman","author_post-rabbi-dovid-sears"],"acf":{"intro_text":"<p>Rebbe Nachman once declared: \"\u2026My entire mission is Rosh Hashanah.\" He was particularly emphatic about his...<\/p>\n","breslev_id":"1682","post_views_count":"673","updatetime":"01\/01\/0001","special_content_in_the_post":"none","meta_title":"The Rebbe's Rosh Hashanah","meta_description":"Rebbe Nachman once declared: \"\u2026My entire mission is Rosh Hashanah.\" He was particularly emphatic about his...","paragraph_first":"","paragraph_second":"","youtube":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/62109"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=262461"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4858532,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262461\/revisions\/4858532"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4045555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=262461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=262461"},{"taxonomy":"author_post","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/author_post?post=262461"},{"taxonomy":"new_serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breslev.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new_serie?post=262461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}