{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096771544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2007.378665","title":"Efficient Intra Prediction in H.264 Based on Intensity Gradient Approach","display_name":"Efficient Intra Prediction in H.264 Based on Intensity Gradient Approach","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096771544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2007.378665","mag":"2096771544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2007.378665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2007.378665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020738319","display_name":"An\u2010Chao Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-6760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"An-Chao Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. anchao@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. anchao@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103095309","display_name":"Anand Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-2325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. anand@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. anand@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059622590","display_name":"Jai-Ching Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jai-Ching Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wangjf@csie.ncku.edu.tw","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wjc@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wangjf@csie.ncku.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wjc@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088136847","display_name":"Jhing-Fa Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2816-2480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhing-Fa Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wangjf@csie.ncku.edu.tw","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wjc@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wangjf@csie.ncku.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC. wjc@icwang.ee.ncku.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020738319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80513401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3952","last_page":"3955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6690487861633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6172616481781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6011440753936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.585379421710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5344246029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.525189995765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5240143537521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5231831669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5161188840866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5153971910476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4853931665420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43056607246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate\u2013distortion-theory","display_name":"Rate\u2013distortion theory","score":0.428579717874527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41133347153663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40051326155662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2571107745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20775574445724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13025203347206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.1259867250919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07803094387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.06771665811538696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6690487861633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6172616481781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6011440753936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.585379421710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5344246029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.525189995765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5240143537521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5231831669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5161188840866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5153971910476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4853931665420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43056607246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64185310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843483","display_name":"Rate\u2013distortion theory","level":3,"score":0.428579717874527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41133347153663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40051326155662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2571107745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20775574445724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13025203347206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.1259867250919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07803094387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.06771665811538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2007.378665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2007.378665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1718806160","https://openalex.org/W2079023888","https://openalex.org/W2103448565","https://openalex.org/W2106219841","https://openalex.org/W2113581782","https://openalex.org/W2127370302","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2276056431","https://openalex.org/W6637700517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235381733","https://openalex.org/W2355022049","https://openalex.org/W2060429446","https://openalex.org/W2741782512","https://openalex.org/W3011302839","https://openalex.org/W2031481447","https://openalex.org/W2392958391","https://openalex.org/W3155227409","https://openalex.org/W2386709048","https://openalex.org/W2023994229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"intensity":[4,97],"gradient":[5,27],"approach":[6],"to":[7,48,51,74,104,109],"intra":[8,81,101],"prediction":[9,102],"in":[10,34,70,77,123],"H.264":[11],"encoding":[12,121],"system,":[13],"which":[14,35],"enhances":[15],"the":[16,26,52,78,96,105,119],"performance":[17,79],"and":[18,114],"efficiency":[19],"by":[20,64],"means":[21],"of":[22,25,57,67,80,85,111,118],"edge":[23],"orientation":[24],"filter.":[28],"We":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,41,55],"pre-processing":[32],"stage":[33],"eight-orientation":[36],"feature":[37],"are":[38],"extracted":[39],"from":[40],"macro":[42],"block":[43,53],"that":[44,63,95,110],"selects":[45],"four":[46],"modes":[47,68],"be":[49],"applied":[50],"among":[54],"set":[56],"predefined":[58],"modes.":[59],"It":[60],"is":[61,88],"shown":[62],"choosing":[65],"number":[66],"used":[69],"rate-distortion":[71],"calculation":[72],"lead":[73],"significant":[75],"enhancement":[76],"prediction.":[82],"The":[83,91],"validity":[84],"this":[86],"algorithm":[87,99],"confirmed":[89],"experimentally.":[90],"simulation":[92],"results":[93],"indicate":[94],"gradient-based":[98],"for":[100],"contributes":[103],"bit-rate":[106],"reduction":[107],"compared":[108],"previous":[112],"algorithms":[113],"saves":[115],"around":[116],"53%":[117],"total":[120],"time":[122],"H.264.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}