{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018735912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412336","title":"Detective: An Attentive Recurrent Model for Sparse Object Detection","display_name":"Detective: An Attentive Recurrent Model for Sparse Object Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018735912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412336","mag":"3018735912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12197","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017382942","display_name":"Amine Kechaou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amine Kechaou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046749112","display_name":"Manuel Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-7618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074790187","display_name":"Monica Haurilet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Haurilet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087051920","display_name":"Rainer Stiefelhagen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-4945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Stiefelhagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017382942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.10221948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33605462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5340","last_page":"5347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7929757237434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.7851720452308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7360240817070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6741137504577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6738863587379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6602468490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6567264199256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5838682651519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5368549823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5313625335693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5002279281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.41866418719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28682035207748413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7929757237434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.7851720452308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7360240817070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6741137504577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6738863587379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6602468490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6567264199256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5838682651519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5368549823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5313625335693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5002279281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41866418719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28682035207748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.12197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12197","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3018735912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12197.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.12197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.12197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.12197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12197","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3018735912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3018735912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607748843","https://openalex.org/W1484210532","https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1563795667","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1905882502","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2612624696","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2772283977","https://openalex.org/W2950178297","https://openalex.org/W2962676885","https://openalex.org/W2963020325","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963084599","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2963659353","https://openalex.org/W2963745697","https://openalex.org/W2963813458","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6630875275","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6720932270","https://openalex.org/W6753494528","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162463011","https://openalex.org/W3138552274","https://openalex.org/W3213959871","https://openalex.org/W3037853311","https://openalex.org/W2885702376","https://openalex.org/W2341589144","https://openalex.org/W2951624519","https://openalex.org/W3048646180","https://openalex.org/W2809110088","https://openalex.org/W3214455808","https://openalex.org/W2917742022","https://openalex.org/W2995220146","https://openalex.org/W2970869172","https://openalex.org/W3174463325","https://openalex.org/W3213339063","https://openalex.org/W2608369674","https://openalex.org/W2566805738","https://openalex.org/W3098420177","https://openalex.org/W2964221652","https://openalex.org/W3187208858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"Detective":[5,93,158],"-":[6],"an":[7,25,47,64],"attentive":[8],"object":[9,79,97,106,112,167,175],"detector":[10,98,113],"that":[11,99,149,173],"identifies":[12],"objects":[13,194],"in":[14,16,187],"images":[15],"a":[17,32,40,95,101,110,138,147,181],"sequential":[18],"manner.":[19],"Our":[20,170],"network":[21,44],"is":[22,31,39,94,114,177,198],"based":[23,141],"on":[24,56,87,142,163],"encoder-decoder":[26],"architecture,":[27],"where":[28,189],"the":[29,37,57,61,70,74,119,124,131,143,151,164,190,193],"encoder":[30],"convolutional":[33,41],"neural":[34,43],"network,":[35],"and":[36,67,73,85,127,133,146,153,179],"decoder":[38,54],"recurrent":[42],"coupled":[45],"with":[46],"attention":[48,65],"mechanism.":[49],"At":[50],"each":[51],"iteration,":[52],"our":[53],"focuses":[55],"relevant":[58],"parts":[59],"of":[60,192,199],"image":[62],"using":[63],"mechanism,":[66],"then":[68],"estimates":[69],"object's":[71],"class":[72,132],"bounding":[75,103],"box":[76,104],"coordinates.":[77],"Current":[78],"detection":[80,168,176],"models":[81],"generate":[82],"dense":[83],"predictions":[84],"rely":[86],"post-processing":[88],"to":[89,121,159,195],"remove":[90],"duplicate":[91],"predictions.":[92],"sparse":[96,111,174],"generates":[100],"single":[102],"per":[105],"instance.":[107],"However,":[108],"training":[109,139],"challenging,":[115],"as":[116],"it":[117],"requires":[118],"model":[120],"reason":[122],"at":[123,130],"instance":[125],"level":[126],"not":[128],"just":[129],"spatial":[134],"levels.":[135],"We":[136],"propose":[137],"mechanism":[140],"Hungarian":[144],"algorithm":[145],"loss":[148],"balances":[150],"localization":[152],"classification":[154],"tasks.":[155],"This":[156],"allows":[157],"achieve":[160],"promising":[161],"results":[162],"PASCAL":[165],"VOC":[166],"dataset.":[169],"experiments":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"possible":[178],"has":[180],"great":[182],"potential":[183],"for":[184],"future":[185],"developments":[186],"applications":[188],"order":[191],"be":[196],"predicted":[197],"interest.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}