{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:54:39Z","timestamp":1763477679844},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sloan Foundation Award","award":["#20113194","#201514001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#20113194","#201514001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increasing array of scientific fields face a \u201cdata deluge.\u201d However, in many fields data are scarce, with implications for their epistemic status and ability to command funding. Consequently, they often attempt to develop infrastructure for data production, management, curation, and circulation. A component of a knowledge infrastructure may serve one or more scientific domains. Further, a single domain may rely upon multiple infrastructures simultaneously. Studying how domains negotiate building and accessing scarce infrastructural resources that they share with other domains will shed light on how knowledge infrastructures shape science.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an eighteen-month, qualitative study of scientists studying the deep subseafloor biosphere, focusing on the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI) and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and its successor, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP2). Our methods comprised ethnographic observation, including eight months embedded in a laboratory, interviews (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a049), and document analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep subseafloor biosphere research is an emergent domain. We identified two reasons for the domain\u2019s concern with data scarcity: limited ability to pursue their research objectives, and the epistemic status of their research. Domain researchers adopted complementary strategies to acquire more data. One was to establish C-DEBI as an infrastructure solely for their domain. The second was to use C-DEBI as a means to gain greater access to, and reconfigure, IODP\/IODP2 to their advantage. IODP\/IODP2 functions as infrastructure for multiple scientific domains, which creates competition for resources. C-DEBI is building its own data management infrastructure, both to acquire more data from IODP and to make better use of data, once acquired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two themes emerge. One is data scarcity, which can be understood only in relation to a domain\u2019s objectives. To justify support for public funding, domains must demonstrate their utility to questions of societal concern or existential questions about humanity. The deep subseafloor biosphere domain aspires to address these questions in a more statistically intensive manner than is afforded by the data to which it currently has access. The second theme is the politics of knowledge infrastructures. A single scientific domain may build infrastructure for itself and negotiate access to multi-domain infrastructure simultaneously. C-DEBI infrastructure was designed both as a response to scarce IODP\/IODP2 resources, and to configure the data allocation processes of IODP\/IODP2 in their favor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T08:34:20Z","timestamp":1479112460000},"page":"e97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ship space to database: emerging infrastructures for studies of the deep subseafloor biosphere"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Darch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Borgman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1525\/hsns.2010.40.2.183","article-title":"Big science and big data in biology: from the international geophysical year through the international biological program to the long term ecological research (LTER) network, 1957\u2013present","volume":"40","author":"Aronova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Historical Studies in the Natural Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-2","first-page":"219b","article-title":"Strategies supporting heterogeneous data and interdisciplinary collaboration: towards an ocean informatics environment","author":"Baker","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312709359219","article-title":"Research note: from co-location to co-presence: shifts in the use of ethnography for the study of knowledge","volume":"40","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D36","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks119","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"41","author":"Benson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312712457851","article-title":"One infrastructure, many global visions: the commercialization and diversification of Argos, a satellite-based environmental surveillance system","volume":"42","author":"Benson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84882-854-4_15","article-title":"Collaboration in metagenomics: sequence databases and the organization of scientific work","volume-title":"ECSCW 2009","author":"Bietz","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9963.001.0001","volume-title":"Big data, little data, no data: scholarship in the networked world","author":"Borgman","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-015-0157-z","article-title":"Knowledge infrastructures in science: data, diversity, and digital libraries","volume":"16","author":"Borgman","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Librariex"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-007-0022-9","article-title":"Little science confronts the data deluge: habitat ecology, embedded sensor networks, and digital libraries","volume":"7","author":"Borgman","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-10","first-page":"269","article-title":"Drowning in data: digital library architecture to support scientific use of embedded sensor networks","author":"Borgman","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/030631200030005001","article-title":"Biodiversity datadiversity","volume":"30","author":"Bowker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-12","volume-title":"Memory practices in the sciences","author":"Bowker","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-13","volume-title":"Making modern science: a historical survey","author":"Bowler","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-14","article-title":"Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education","author":"C-MORE","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-15","article-title":"C-MORE \/ Data","author":"C-MORE","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226099088.001.0001","volume-title":"Shaping science with rhetoric: the cases of Dobzhansky, Schrodinger, and Wilson","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-17","article-title":"C-DEBI strategic implementation plan, 2010\u20132015","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-18","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2011","journal-title":"Center for dark energy biosphere investigations STC annual report 2011"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-19","article-title":"C-DEBI data management philosophy and policy","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-20","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2012","journal-title":"C-DEBI \u201cActivity\u201d theme team 2012 workshop\u2014report"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-21","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2013","journal-title":"C-DEBI strategic implementation plan 2013\u20132014"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-22","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2013","journal-title":"C-DEBI \u201cActivity\u201d theme team 2013 workshop\u2014report"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-23","article-title":"CDP","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-24","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2014","journal-title":"Center for dark energy biosphere investigations STC annual report 2013"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-25","article-title":"C-DEBI-funded Projects","author":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243910397969","article-title":"Bidirectional shaping and spaces of convergence interactions between biology and computing from the first DNA sequencers to global genome databases","volume":"37","author":"Chow-White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-27","article-title":"Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction","author":"CMOP","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-28","article-title":"Scientific ocean drilling: accomplishments and challenges","author":"Committee on the Review of the Scientific Accomplishments and Assessment of the Potential for Future Transformative Discoveries with US-Supported Scientific Ocean Drilling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientific ocean drilling: accomplishments and challenges"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-29","article-title":"Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets","author":"CReSIS","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.9776\/16246","article-title":"Many methods, many microbes: methodological diversity and standardization in the deep subseafloor biosphere","author":"Darch","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.2014.14505101056","article-title":"Ship space to database: motivations to manage research data for the deep subseafloor biosphere","author":"Darch","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-015-0137-3","article-title":"What lies beneath? Knowledge infrastructures in the subseafloor biosphere and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Darch","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Librarie"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-33","article-title":"Beyond big or little science: understanding data lifecycles in astronomy and the deep subseafloor biosphere","author":"Darch","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-34","article-title":"Dark energy survey","author":"Dark Energy Survey","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-35","article-title":"Earthscope","author":"Earthscope","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-36","article-title":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI ): a center for resolving the extent, function, dynamics and implications of the subseafloor biosphere","author":"Edwards","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-37","volume-title":"A vast machine: computer models, climate data, and the politics of global warming","author":"Edwards","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-38","article-title":"Towards coordination and integration of deep marine biosphere research: the Dark Energy Biosphere Institute (DEBI)","author":"Edwards","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00200","article-title":"Introduction: an agenda for infrastructure studies","volume":"10","author":"Edwards","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-40","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Knowledge infrastructures: intellectual frameworks and research challenges","author":"Edwards","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312711413314","article-title":"Science friction: data, metadata, and collaboration","volume":"41","author":"Edwards","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-42","article-title":"Gaia","author":"European Space Agency","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024479322226","article-title":"The statistical frame of mind in systematic biology from quantitative zoology to biometry","volume":"36","author":"Hagen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the History of Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203944769","volume-title":"Ethnography: principles in practice","author":"Hammersley","year":"2007","edition":"3"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/0470867167.ch36","article-title":"The data deluge: an e-science perspective","volume-title":"Grid computing: making the global infrastructure a reality","author":"Hey","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-46","volume-title":"Earth, oceans and life: IODP initial science plan","author":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Planning Sub Committee (IPSC) Scientific Planning Working Group","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-47","article-title":"International Ocean Discovery Program","author":"IODP","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243913516013","article-title":"Who killed waters? Mess, method, and forensic explanation in the making and unmaking of large-scale science networks","volume":"39","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Value"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503617575","volume-title":"Who wrote the book of life? A history of the genetic code","author":"Kay","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-50","volume-title":"A feeling for the organism, 10th aniversary edition: the life and work of Barbara McClintock","author":"Keller","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1057\/biosoc.2012","article-title":"This is not an article: model organism newsletters and the question of open science","volume":"7","author":"Kelty","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioSocieties"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053951714528481","DOI":"10.1177\/205395171452848","article-title":"Big data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts","volume":"1","author":"Kitchin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.237614","article-title":"Small data, data infrastructures and big data","author":"Kitchin","year":"2014","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691227719","volume-title":"Cosmology and controversy: the historical development of two theories of the universe","author":"Kragh","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-55","first-page":"27","article-title":"Shaping biomedicine as an information science","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1998 conference on the history and heritage of science information systems","author":"Lenoir","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-56","first-page":"19","article-title":"Manhattan project for biomedicine","volume-title":"Controlling our destinies: historical, philosophical, ethical, and theological perspectives on the human genome project","author":"Lenoir","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-57","first-page":"105","article-title":"Documenting the emergence of bio-ontologies: or, why researching bioinformatics requires HPSSB","volume":"32","author":"Leonelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/030631271143626","article-title":"When humans are the exception: cross-species databases at the interface of biological and clinical research","volume":"42","author":"Leonelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053951714534395","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951714534395","article-title":"What difference does quantity make? On the epistemology of Big Data in biology","volume":"1","author":"Leonelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2011.10.003","article-title":"Re-thinking organisms: the impact of databases on model organism biology","volume":"43","author":"Leonelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-61","author":"Abell","year":"2009","journal-title":"LSST Science Book, Version 2.0"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-62","volume-title":"Moving from small science to big science: social and organizational impediments to large scale data sharing (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2166245)","author":"Meyer","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-63","volume-title":"A fragile power: scientists and the state","author":"Mukerji","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-64","volume-title":"NSF data management plans","author":"National Science Foundation","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-65","article-title":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","author":"NOAA","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-66","volume-title":"Qualitative educational research in action: doing and reflecting","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00189","article-title":"Microbial activity in the marine deep biosphere: progress and prospects","volume":"4","author":"Orcutt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-68","first-page":"317","article-title":"ARGOS capabilities for global ocean monitoring","author":"Ortega","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/bewi.200901351","article-title":"Rationalit\u00e4ten der Wissenproduktion: \u00dcber Transformationen von Gegenst\u00e4nden, Technologien und Information in Biomedizin und Lebenswissenschaften","volume":"32","author":"Paul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400821617","volume-title":"Trust in numbers: the pursuit of objectivity in science and public life","author":"Porter","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-71","first-page":"158","article-title":"Ethnography of scaling, or, how to a fit a national research infrastructure in the room","author":"Ribes","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-72","first-page":"311","article-title":"Organizing for multidisciplinary collaboration: the case of the geosciences network","volume-title":"Science on the Internet","author":"Ribes","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-73","first-page":"107","article-title":"Representing community: knowing users in the face of changing constituencies","author":"Ribes","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312714558136","article-title":"Organizing for ontological change: the kernel of an AIDS research infrastructure","volume":"45","author":"Ribes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/08109020802459348","article-title":"Data wealth, data poverty, science and cyberinfrastructure","volume":"26","author":"Sawyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prometheus"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-76","author":"Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Home","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-77","article-title":"Southern California Earthquake Center | Studying earthquakes and their effects in California and beyond","author":"Southern California Earthquake Center","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/00027649921955326","article-title":"The ethnography of infrastructure","volume":"43","author":"Star","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.1.111","article-title":"Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: design and access for large information spaces","volume":"7","author":"Star","year":"1996","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1162\/DAED_a_00309","article-title":"Mapping the Universe: surveys of the sky as discovery engines in astronomy","volume":"143","author":"Strauss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2008.09.002","article-title":"History, objectivity, and the construction of molecular phylogenies","volume":"39","author":"Su\u00e1rez-D\u00edaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-82","volume-title":"2011 workshop: deep biosphere sediment microbiology","author":"Teske","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-83","article-title":"University-National Oceanographic Laboratory Services","author":"UNOLS","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.97\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65786583","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6578","article-title":"Prokaryotes: the unseen majority","volume":"95","author":"Whitman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"}],"container-title":["PeerJ Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-97.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-97.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-97.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-97.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T22:14:26Z","timestamp":1692569666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/cs-97"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj-cs.97"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj-cs.97","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2376-5992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2376-5992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]]},"article-number":"e97"}}