{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T05:31:16Z","timestamp":1675143076482},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"IGI Global","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<p>A strategy of automatic answer retrieval for repeated or similar questions in user-interactive systems by employing semantic question patterns is proposed in this paper. The used semantic question pattern is a generalized representation of a group of questions with both similar structure and relevant semantics. Specifically, it consists of semantic annotations (or constraints) for the variable components in the pattern and hence enhances the semantic representation and greatly reduces the ambiguity of a question instance when asked by a user using such pattern. The proposed method consists of four major steps: structure processing, similar pattern matching and filtering, automatic pattern generation, question similarity evaluation and answer retrieval. Preliminary experiments in a real question answering system show a precision of more than 90% of the method.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jssci.2011100104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]],"date-time":"2012-04-05T13:07:16Z","timestamp":1333631236000},"page":"52-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toward Automatic Answers in User-Interactive Question Answering Systems"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tianyong","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power, China"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power, China"}]},{"given":"Jingsheng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power, China"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Wenyin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, China"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jssci.2011100104-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger, A., Caruana, R., Cohn, D., Freitag, D., & Mittal, V. (2000). Bridging the lexical chasm: Statistical approaches to answer-finding. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (pp. 192-199).","DOI":"10.1145\/345508.345576"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-1","unstructured":"Burke, R. D., Hammond, K., Kulyukin, V., Lytinen, S. L., Tomuro, N., & Schoenberg, S. (1997). Question answering from frequently-asked-question files: experiences with the FAQ finder system (Tech. Rep. No. TR-97-05). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago."},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-2","unstructured":"Buy Answers Consultation Ltd. (2008). BuyAns. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.BuyAns.com\/"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-3","unstructured":"Deepak, R., & Eduard, H. (2002). Learning surface text patterns for a question answering system. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammond, K., Bruke, R., Martin, C., & Lytinen, S. (1995). Faq-Finder: a case based approach to knowledge navigation. In Proceedings of the Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Heterogeneous Distributed Environments.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAIA.1995.378787"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Semantic patterns for user-interactive question answering.","volume":"20","author":"T. Y.Hao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Concurrency and Computation-practice & Experience"},{"issue":"6","key":"jssci.2011100104-6","first-page":"86","article-title":"Automatic construction of semantic dictionary for question categorization. Journal of Systemics","volume":"7","author":"T. Y.Hao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cybernetics and Informatics"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-7","unstructured":"Hao, T. Y., Song, W. P., & Liu, W. Y. (2008, January 16-18). Automatic generation of semantic patterns for user-interactive question answering. In Proceedings of the Asia Information Retrieval Symposium, Harbin, China."},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-8","unstructured":"Ion, M. (1999). Extraction patterns for information extraction tasks: a survey. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction, Orlando, FL."},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeon, J., Croft, W. B., & Lee, J. H. (2005). Finding similar questions in large question and answer archives. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Bremen, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/1099554.1099572"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenz, M., Hbner, A., & Kunze, M. (1998). Question answering with textual CBR. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, Denmark (pp. 236-247).","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0056005"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-11","first-page":"9","article-title":"Measuring conceptual distance using WordNet: The design of a metric for measuring semantic similarity.","volume":"12","author":"W. D.Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Coyote Papers"},{"issue":"2","key":"jssci.2011100104-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-008-0051-3","article-title":"A Web-based platform for user-interactive question-answering.","volume":"12","author":"W.Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Wide Web: Internet and Web Information Systems"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-13","unstructured":"Maximiliano, S. N., Armando, S., & Manuel, P. (2001). Semantic pattern learning through maximum entropy-based wsd technique. In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Computational Language Learning, Toulouse, France."},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-14","unstructured":"Princeton University. (2007). WordNet: A lexical database for English. Retrieved from http:\/\/wordnet.princeton.edu\/"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-15","unstructured":"Simpson, T., & Dao, T. (2011). WordNet-based semantic similarity measurement. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.codeproject.com\/KB\/string\/semanticsimilaritywordnet.aspx"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sneiders, E. (2002). Automated question answering using question templates that cover the conceptual model of the database, natural language processing and information systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems-Revised Papers, Sweden.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36271-1_24"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomuro, N. (2002). Question terminology and representation for question type classification. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Computational Terminology, Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.3115\/1118771.1118781"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-18","unstructured":"Voorhees, E. (1999). The TREC-8 question answering track report. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Institute of Standards and Technology Text REtrieval Conference (pp. 743-751)."},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7552(95)00101-2"},{"key":"jssci.2011100104-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1066078.1066079"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=64179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T21:46:55Z","timestamp":1654120015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jssci.2011100104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jssci.2011100104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-9045","1942-9037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-9045","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-9037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]}}}