{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:36:26Z","timestamp":1773840986773,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-39898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-39898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00127\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00127\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-39898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-39898"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00127\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00127\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work proposes an augmented reality serious game (ARSG) for supporting individuals with motor disabilities while controlling robotic wheelchairs. A racing track was used as the game narrative; this included restriction areas, static and dynamic virtual objects, as well as obstacles and signs. To experience the game, a prior configuration of the environment, made through a smartphone or a computer, was required. Furthermore, a visualization tool was developed to exhibit user performance while using the ARSG. Two user studies were conducted with 10 and 20 participants, respectively, to compare (1) how different devices enable configuring the ARSG, and (2) different tracking capabilities, i.e., methods used to place virtual content on the real-world environment while the user interacts with the game and controls the wheelchair in the physical space: C1\u2014motion tracking using cloud anchors; C2\u2014offline motion tracking. Results suggest that configuring the environment with the computer is more efficient and accurate, in contrast to the smartphone, which is characterized as more engaging. In addition, condition C1 stood out as more accurate and robust, while condition C2 appeared to be easier to use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T01:44:13Z","timestamp":1665711853000},"page":"7788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An Augmented Reality Serious Game for Learning Intelligent Wheelchair Control: Comparing Configuration and Tracking Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Maio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, DETI, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4454-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, DETI, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"DigiMedia, DeCA, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, DETI, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Sousa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, DETI, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3754-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, DETI, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IEETA, DETI, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2018.12.005","article-title":"Human\u2013robot interaction in agriculture: A survey and current challenges","volume":"179","author":"Vasconez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosyst. 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