{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:22:37Z","timestamp":1776792157562,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm of digitalization and automation that demands high data rates and real-time ultra-reliable agile communication. Industrial communication at sub-6 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands has some serious impediments, such as interference, spectral congestion, and limited bandwidth. These limitations hinder the high throughput and reliability requirements of modern industrial applications and mission-critical scenarios. In this paper, we critically assess the potential of the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) ISM band as an enabler for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in smart manufacturing, smart factories, and mission-critical operations in Industry 4.0 and beyond. A holistic overview of 60 GHz wireless standards and key performance indicators are discussed. Then the review of 60 GHz smart antenna systems facilitating agile communication for Industry 4.0 and beyond is presented. We envisage that the use of 60 GHz communication and smart antenna systems are crucial for modern industrial communication so that URLLC in Industry 4.0 and beyond could soar to its full potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"2688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7097-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qammer H.","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadeem","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahera","family":"Kalsoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Paisley G72 0LH, UK"}]},{"given":"Naeem","family":"Ramzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Paisley G72 0LH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehzad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business and Creative Industries, University of West of Scotland, Paisley G72 0LH, UK"}]},{"given":"Piyya Muhammad","family":"Rafi-ul-Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Management, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4527-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluyemi Peter","family":"Falade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tempfad Limited, London E10 6PG, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6926-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masood","family":"Ur Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.10.006","article-title":"Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0\u2014Inception, conception and perception","volume":"61","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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