{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:09:12Z","timestamp":1760234952267,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DC\/DC converters are the essential component of power management in applications such as self-powered systems. Their simulation plays an important role in the configuration, analysis and design. A major drawback is the lack of behavioral models for DC\/DC converters for long-term simulations (days or months). Available models are cycle-to-cycle-based due to the switch-mode nature of the converters and are therefore not applicable. In this work, we present a new behavioral model of a DC\/DC power converter. The model is based on a thorough discussion of the model aspects that are relevant for self-powered systems, such as electrical representation and the causal connection if input and output. The model implementation is shown in the Modelica language and is available as an open-source library. The highlights of the model are a feedback controller for operation at the maximum power point (MPP), a loss-based efficiency function, and the start\/stop behavior. The model\u2019s capabilities are demonstrated in a 24h-experiment to predict voltage levels and the conversion efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T22:02:04Z","timestamp":1625522524000},"page":"4599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Behavioral Modeling of DC\/DC Converters in Self-Powered Sensor Systems with Modelica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8189-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Kokert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonhard M.","family":"Reindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefan J.","family":"Rupitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, X., Wang, X., Cattley, R., Gu, F., and Ball, A.D. 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