{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:09:34Z","timestamp":1776442174055,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a deep learning method based on the Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) architecture for the evaluation of sperm head motility in human semen videos. The neural network performs the segmentation of sperm heads, while the proposed central coordinate tracking algorithm allows us to calculate the movement speed of sperm heads. We have achieved 91.77% (95% CI, 91.11\u201392.43%) accuracy of sperm head detection on the VISEM (A Multimodal Video Dataset of Human Spermatozoa) sperm sample video dataset. The mean absolute error (MAE) of sperm head vitality prediction was 2.92 (95% CI, 2.46\u20133.37), while the Pearson correlation between actual and predicted sperm head vitality was 0.969. The results of the experiments presented below will show the applicability of the proposed method to be used in automated artificial insemination workflow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T22:56:45Z","timestamp":1608850605000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Deep Learning Based Evaluation of Spermatozoid Motility for Artificial Insemination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Viktorija","family":"Valiu\u0161kait\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Vidas","family":"Raudonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2809-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rytis","family":"Maskeli\u016bnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robertas","family":"Dama\u0161evi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 444-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Krilavi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","article-title":"A unique view on male infertility around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. 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