{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:10:32Z","timestamp":1767964232255,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFB1600500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB1600500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51908054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51908054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["CHD 300102220202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHD 300102220202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Speed has an important impact on driving safety, however, this factor is not included in existing safety warning algorithms. This study uses lane change systems to study the influence of vehicle speed on safety warning algorithms, aiming to determine lane change warning rules for different speeds (DS-LCW). Thirty-five drivers are recruited to carry out an extreme trial and naturalistic driving experiment. The vehicle speed, relative speed, relative distance, and minimum safety deceleration (MSD) related to lane change characteristics are then analyzed and calculated as warning rule characterization parameters. Lane change warning rules for a rear vehicle in the target lane under four-speed levels of 60 \u2264 v &lt; 70 km\/h, 70 \u2264 v &lt; 80 km\/h, 80 \u2264 v &lt; 90 km\/h, and v \u2265 90 km\/h are established. The accuracy of lane change warning rules not considering speed level (NDS-LCW) and ISO 17387 are found to be 87.5% and 79.8%, respectively. Comparatively, the accuracy rate of DS-LCW under four-speed levels is 94.6%, 93.8%, 90.0%, and 92.6%, respectively, which is significantly superior. The algorithm proposed in this paper provides warning in the lane change process with a smaller relative distance, and the accuracy rate of DS-LCW is significantly superior to NDS-LCW and ISO 17387.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T11:26:00Z","timestamp":1588937160000},"page":"2683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Research on the Influence of Vehicle Speed on Safety Warning Algorithm: A Lane Change Warning System Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9331-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"given":"Yingshi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automobile, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Garber, N.J., and Gadirau, R. 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