{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:23:32Z","timestamp":1761805412513,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["No. 19KJB520034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 19KJB520034"]}]},{"name":"the Doctoral Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Jinling Institute of Technology","award":["No. jit-b-201723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. jit-b-201723"]}]},{"name":"the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["No. PPZY2015B140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. PPZY2015B140"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 61272418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 61272418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Global Positioning System (GPS) is unable to provide precise localization services indoors, which has led to wireless sensor network (WSN) localization technology becoming a hot research issue in the field of indoor location. At present, the ranging technology of wireless sensor networks based on received signal strength has been extensively used in indoor positioning. However, wireless signals have serious multipath effects in indoor environments. In order to reduce the adverse influence of multipath effects on distance estimation between nodes, a multi-channel ranging localization algorithm based on signal diversity is herein proposed. In real indoor environments, the parameters used for multi-channel localization algorithms are generally unknown or time-varying. In order to increase the positioning accuracy of the multi-channel location algorithm in a multipath environment, we propose an optimal multi-channel trilateration positioning algorithm (OMCT) by establishing a novel multi-objective evolutionary model. The presented algorithm utilizes a three-edge constraint to prevent the traditional multi-channel localization algorithm falling into local optima. The results of a large number of practical experiments and numerical simulations show that no matter how the channel number and multipath number change, the positioning error of our presented algorithm is always smaller compared with that of the state-of-the-art algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1585055044000},"page":"1798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["An Optimal Multi-Channel Trilateration Localization Algorithm by Radio-Multipath Multi-Objective Evolution in RSS-Ranging-Based Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xuming","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210000, China"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, L., Chen, X., Wang, J., Fang, D., Liu, C., Tang, Z., and Nie, W. 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