{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:09:39Z","timestamp":1771657779774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFB2102902, 2017YFB0504202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB2102902, 2017YFB0504202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41622107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41622107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"central government guides local science and technology development projects","award":["2019ZYYD050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZYYD050"]}]},{"name":"Special projects for technological innovation in Hubei","award":["2018ABA078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ABA078"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing","award":["2018LSDMIS05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018LSDMIS05"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the State Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University","award":["18R02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18R02"]}]},{"name":"Open fund of Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing of the Ministry of Agriculture","award":["20170007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sustainable development of water resources is always emphasized in China, and a set of perfect standards for the division of inland water environment quality have been established to monitor water quality. However, most of the 24 indicators that determine the water quality level in the standards are non-optically active parameters. The weak optical characteristics make it difficult to find significant correlations between the single parameters and the remote sensing imagery. In addition, traditional on-site testing methods have been unable to meet the increasingly extensive water-quality monitoring requirements. Based on the above questions, it\u2019s meaningful that the supervised classification process of a detail-preserving smoothing classifier based on conditional random field (CRF) and Landsat-8 data was proposed in the two study areas around Wuhan and Huangshi in Hubei Province. The random forest classifier was selected to model the association potential of the CRF. The results (the first study area: OA = 89.50%, Kappa = 0.841; the second study area: OA = 90.35%, Kappa = 0.868) showed that the water-quality monitoring based on CRF model is feasible, and this approach can provide a reference for water-quality mapping of inland lakes. In the future, it may only require a small amount of on-site sampling to achieve the identification of the water quality levels of inland lakes across a large area of China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1583205208000},"page":"1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inland Lakes Mapping for Monitoring Water Quality Using a Detail\/Smoothing-Balanced Conditional Random Field Based on Landsat-8\/Levels Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lifei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, MNR, Shenzhen 518034, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Qingbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Cadastral Surveying and Mapping Office, Shenzhen 518000, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Institute of Land and Resources, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNESCO (2015). 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