{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:29:02Z","timestamp":1771342142326,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31801256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resistance to drought stress is one of the most favorable traits in breeding programs yet drought stress is one of the most poorly addressed biological processes for both phenomics and genetics. In this study, we investigated the potential of using a time-series chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) analysis to dissect the ChlF fingerprints of salt overly sensitive (SOS) mutants under drought stress. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to identify a shifting pattern of different genotypes including sos mutants and wild type (WT) Col-0. A time-series deep-learning algorithm, sparse auto encoders (SAEs) neural network, was applied to extract time-series ChlF features which were used in four classification models including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN), Gaussian naive Bayes (NB) and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that the discrimination accuracy of sos mutants SOS1-1, SOS2-3, and wild type Col-0 reached 95% with LDA classification model. Sequential forward selection (SFS) algorithm was used to obtain ChlF fingerprints of the shifting pattern, which could address the response of sos mutants and Col-0 to drought stress over time. Parameters including QY, NPQ and Fm, etc. were significantly different between sos mutants and WT. This research proved the potential of ChlF imaging for gene function analysis and the study of drought stress using ChlF in a time-series manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T10:55:19Z","timestamp":1560336919000},"page":"2649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Time-Series Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Reveals Dynamic Photosynthetic Fingerprints of sos Mutants to Drought Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dawei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Yueming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0063-9","article-title":"Genomic variation in 3010 diverse accessions of Asian cultivated rice","volume":"557","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00603","article-title":"Phenotyping of Arabidopsis drought stress response using kinetic chlorophyll fluorescence and multicolor fluorescence imaging","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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