{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:04:34Z","timestamp":1760241874165,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2221-E-035-019-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2221-E-035-019-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have gained a lot of interests in research communities for the infrastructure-less self-organizing nature. A MANET with fleet cyclists using smartphones forms a two-tier mobile long-thin network (MLTN) along a common cycling route, where the high-tier network is composed of 3G\/LTE interfaces and the low-tier network is composed of IEEE 802.11 interfaces. The low-tier network may consist of several path-like networks. This work investigates cooperative sensing data collection and distribution with packet collision avoidance in a two-tier MLTN. As numbers of cyclists upload their sensing data and download global fleet information frequently, serious bandwidth and latency problems may result if all members rely on their high-tier interfaces. We designed and analyzed a cooperative framework consisting of a distributed grouping mechanism, a group merging and splitting method, and a sensing data aggregation scheme. Through cooperation between the two tiers, the proposed framework outperforms existing works by significantly reducing the 3G\/LTE data transmission and the number of 3G\/LTE connections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T08:43:36Z","timestamp":1540284216000},"page":"3588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cooperative Sensing Data Collection and Distribution with Packet Collision Avoidance in Mobile Long-Thin Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5453-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lien-Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chee","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Ming-Fong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020748431138","article-title":"AMRoute: Ad hoc multicast routing protocol","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACM\/Kluwer Mob. 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