{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:14:59Z","timestamp":1760242499785,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2017R1D1A1A09000706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1D1A1A09000706"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Information &amp; communications Technology Promotion(IITP) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)","award":["R0101-16-0129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R0101-16-0129"]}]},{"name":"the Energy Technology Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry \\&amp; Energy, Republic of Korea.","award":["No. 20152000000170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20152000000170"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the crucial problems for taxi drivers is to efficiently locate passengers in order to increase profits. The rapid advancement and ubiquitous penetration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into transportation industries enables us to provide taxi drivers with locations that have more potential passengers (more profitable areas) by analyzing and querying taxi trip data. In this paper, we propose a query processing system, called Distributed Profitable-Area Query (DISPAQ) which efficiently identifies profitable areas by exploiting the Apache Software Foundation\u2019s Spark framework and a MongoDB database. DISPAQ first maintains a profitable-area query index (PQ-index) by extracting area summaries and route summaries from raw taxi trip data. It then identifies candidate profitable areas by searching the PQ-index during query processing. Then, it exploits a Z-Skyline algorithm, which is an extension of skyline processing with a Z-order space filling curve, to quickly refine the candidate profitable areas. To improve the performance of distributed query processing, we also propose local Z-Skyline optimization, which reduces the number of dominant tests by distributing killer profitable areas to each cluster node. Through extensive evaluation with real datasets, we demonstrate that our DISPAQ system provides a scalable and efficient solution for processing profitable-area queries from huge amounts of big taxi trip data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T04:28:01Z","timestamp":1506400081000},"page":"2201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["DISPAQ: Distributed Profitable-Area Query from Big Taxi Trip Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fadhilah","family":"Putri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Big Data, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}]},{"given":"Giltae","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonho","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University; Busan 46241, Korea"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, September 19). 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