{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T03:25:49Z","timestamp":1771730749775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"&quot;Strategic Priority Research Program - Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues&quot; of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA05100202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA05100202"]}]},{"name":"The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41501399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41501399"]}]},{"name":"The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41505022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41505022"]}]},{"name":"The major Project of High Resolution Earth Observation System","award":["30-Y20A39-9003-15\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-Y20A39-9003-15\/17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fine-mode fraction (FMF) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a key optical parameter that represents the proportion of fine particles relative to total aerosols in the atmosphere. However, in comparison to ground-based measurements, the FMF is still difficult to retrieve from satellite observations, as attempted by a Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithm. In this paper, we introduce the retrieval of FMF based on Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) data. This method takes advantage of the coincident multi-angle intensity and polarization measurements from a single satellite platform. In our method, we use intensity measurements to retrieve the total AOD and polarization measurements to retrieve the fine-mode AOD. The FMF is then calculated as the ratio of the retrieved fine-mode AOD to the total AOD. The important processes in our method include the estimation of the surface intensity and polarized reflectance by using two semi-empirical models, and the building of two sets of aerosol retrieval lookup tables for the intensity and polarized measurements via the 6SV radiative transfer code. We apply this method to East Asia, and comparisons of the retrieved FMFs for the Beijing, Xianghe and Seoul_SNU sites with those of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based observations produce correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.838, 0.818, and 0.877, respectively. However, the comparison results are relatively poor (R2 = 0.537) in low-AOD areas, such as the Osaka site, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8050417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T10:20:11Z","timestamp":1463480411000},"page":"417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Retrieval of Aerosol Fine-Mode Fraction from Intensity and Polarization Measurements by PARASOL over East Asia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1015-3994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Qie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Donghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01091","article-title":"A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system","volume":"419","author":"Kaufman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/463860b","article-title":"Asian pollution delays inevitable warming","volume":"463","author":"Tollefson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1109\/36.628795","article-title":"The MODIS 2.1-\u03bcm channel-correlation with visible reflectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol","volume":"35","author":"Kaufman","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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